American Research Journal of English and Literature

Md. Zillur Rahman1, Md. Ripon Ali2, Md. Fuad Hasan

Integration of green pedagogy within writing instruction opens up a new arena for the proliferation of environmental awareness and sustainability within educational contexts. The study focuses on the methodological underpinnings and practical dimensions of applying green pedagogy while teaching writing. Based on ecological theory and pedagogical research, this paper discusses how instructors can challenge students to become more conscious writers of texts reflecting their ecological awareness and their personal interaction with nature. The research underlines how interviews, classroom observations, and an analysis of students’ writing samples are important qualitative methodologies for understanding the transformative potential of green pedagogy to cultivate ecological literacy. Mainstays of the method include eco composition, place-based learning, and reflective journaling that involve students in drawing from life experience and local environments. It also looks into the role of collaborative writing projects and dialogic processes in developing a sense of shared responsibility for environmental challenges. The findings indicate that incorporating green pedagogy into writing instruction develops students’ critical and creative thinking and deepens their understanding of sustainability and its relevance to their lives. This research emphasizes writing in its broad ecological and social contexts, helping students consider their work as an academic exercise and as a form of advocacy. At the heart of writing pedagogy, sustainability offers educators a full model that would inspire environmentally literate and socially active writers who could contribute toward a more sustainable future.

Zillur Rahman1, Mst. Rekha Parvin2, Asma-Ul-Husna Ara3, Md. Ripon Ali4, Tasmim Newaz Tuna5

Toni Morrison’s The Bluest Eye is an in-depth analysis of racism, sexism, and classism which depicts how African American women and girls are oppressed in the middle of the 20th century. Tragic obsession with blue eyes of Pecola Breedlove, the protagonist of the novel, represents how society rejects blackness and internalized white beauty standards. This paper presents a qualitative analysis of female oppression and internalized obsession in The Bluest Eye, highlighting the ways in which sexism and racism, as other societal influences, affect identity and self-worth. The study shows how social rejection and beauty standards create generations- long cycles of psychological pain and self-hatred through Pecola’s story and the experiences of other women. It highlights Morrison’s criticism of these damaging ideas and also how families and communities support or reject these oppressive forces. It also explores how to escape oppressive structures by rejecting unrealistic beauty standards, self-love, and finding support from the community.

Liu Yaxin

In McCourt’s Teacher Man, the students in the school, where McCourt works as a teacher, are reluctant to write any writing tasks, either in class or at home, due to their difficulties in completing them. However, when writing the assignments of McCourt’s course, the students suddenly become brilliant, and what they produce is considered by the teacher as the finest American prose. More importantly, rather than having a genuine desire to write assignments, the students’ desperate longing for McCourt’s course assignments is solely motivated by their hope for exemption from any assignments, so their psychology and behaviour are paradoxical. Based on Erika Fromm’s theory of dreams and wish-fulfillment, this paper uncovers that the reason why McCourt’s students have a desperate craving for writing the assignment in his course, which is writing excuse notes, is that it is a process to address their personal problems that cannot be solved in the real world. Moreover, according to the concept of Outcome Based Education (OBE), one of the goals of education is to equip students with the abilities and competencies to solve the problems they are faced with outside of school. Therefore, this paper will explore the problems that McCourt’s students want to resolve in the real world through an analysis of the events described in the fake excuse notes written by the students themselves and the social situation of their time, in order to enlighten teachers about the types of abilities and competencies that students must cultivate for their growth and development.

Arunav Das

This study demonstrates how mythical narrative constructs a post-confessional tone in Louise Gluck’s Averno (2006) through her personal experience of love, memory, liberty of mind and body, morality, and freedom of gender identity. Averno is a prolonged mourning; its lengthy, frenetic compositions are equally fascinating, while traditional climaxes or solace are equally magnificent despite being violent and heartbroken. Averno presents an autobiographical narrative, the terrific eternal reality, and juxtaposes the link between myth and narrative of personal experiences into a universal context. The myth of Demeter, Persephone, and Hades brings Gluck’s infatuation with death to relate to the nature of the underworld and earth. Persephone’s image in Averno symbolizes Gluck’s disappointment in love, individual journey of survival, and hope. Gluck’s uses of mythical allegory challenge the notion of patriarchy, and the standard of female as an object of violence by providing a voice to the powerless victim, which conflates mythical past and contemporary reality by transcending the biography and avoiding Gluck’s direct self-confessionalism. Thus, this study explores Gluck’s self-proclaim confessionalism through her poetic expression of mythical narrative, emotional memory, and experiences of personal suffering in Averno.  

Kaseem Oladimeji Olaniyi, PhD

The study investigates the comparative advantage of Nigerian Law makers being bilinguals in a multilingual nation for the conduct of legislative matters. In other words, it seeks to establish if bilingualism is a strength or a weakness with the bid to conclude that law makers across the Houses of Assembly in Nigeria prefer the Language of their Immediate Environments (LIE) to the official English Language. The study seeks to contribute to solving Nigeria’s National Language Question, by investigating the efforts being made towards realizing the dream of having an indigenousl lingua franca in Nigeria. The theoretical orientation of the essay is the duo of Sapir-Whorfian and Bernstein’s hypotheses. The theories help to unravel the perception of Nigerian Senators and their preferred codes when they have to choose between their indigenous languages or the official English language with which to communicate their ideas in the hallowed chambers. The theory corroborates the observations made during the researcher’s visit to the National Assembly where the language at plenary is strictly English. The research work has been able to confirm the clause in section 91 of the National Language Policy that an indigenous language may become the official language of the country when “adequate arrangement has been made”. We find that the English language has remained preponderantly a preferred language of the parliament. 

Adeoye Adeyinka Olushola, PhD1, Acheoah John Emike, PhD2

In any field of knowledge, theoretical concepts facilitate the investigation of phenomena. This is the case in language and linguistics, where pragmatics is well established. Pragmatics is the study of context-sensitive use and interpretation of verbal and non-verbal communication. There are different concepts in pragmatics. As research in the field expands, more concepts emerge. Classical pragmatic theories are replete with the discussion of core concepts: speech act, context, presupposition, implicature, shared knowledge, non-verbal communication, etc. In this study, we examine four core concepts in pragmatics: speech act, context, presupposition and implicature. Hinging on Hymes’ (1962) Taxonomy of Situation Component, this study concludes that speech act, context, presupposition and implicature are concepts that give readers introductory perspectives on the term “pragmatics”, because they elucidate basic communication questions: Who says “what”, “where”, “how” and “why”?  

EA Gamini Fonseka, BA, MA, PhD, FRSA

In the short story ‘The Happy Prince’, Oscar Wilde uses all his imaginative powers to convey a universal message of charity through its protagonists, a chunk of lead turned into a statue of a human form, which sends the jewels and gold that furnish its body parts and outfit to the needy to recover them from various ails of poverty, and a swallow, who commits himself to carry out all the charitable missions he is assigned to by the statue. Finally, the Happy Prince loses its elegance as an object of beautification and material value and appears as an eyesore in the city while the Swallow falls dead unable to resist the cold and hunger. They become rubbish in the eyes of the city authorities but get sanctified through the intervention of Angels of the Paradise and God himself. The story conveys thus a heroic act of charity where one donates his body parts while the other donates his life for the well-being of the poor and needy. Although the story has a Christian basis, the character of the Happy Prince parallels that of Prince Siddhartha (who later became the Buddha) in his opinion about suffering and misery and his commitment to help others. While analysing Wild’s application of allegory in the projection of his sense of charity and the coherence he maintains in combining reality and fantasy in storytelling with a didactic aim, the paper pays attention to his use of irony, sarcasm, and humour in achieving social criticism. 

Ainembabazi Earnest Bangirana

This paper examines how Orson Welles uses deep focus photography to stage a social critique of materialistic fetishism in Citizen Kane. The paper is premised on the analysis of materialist fetishism and how Welles propounds it using deep focus and other related techniques like long takes and close ups. In this paper, I uphold Russel W. Belk’s (1985) definition of Materialism as an orientation that reflects the importance a consumer (person) attaches to worldly possessions (291 297). A materialist is defined in this paper as any person who believes in Belk’s philosophy. Fetishism is defined in this paper according to Karl Marx (1990) as “anything to which more respect or attention is given than is normal or sensible” (165). This paper is grounded in the Marxist branch of sociological criticism. According to Terry Eagleton (1976), the task of Marxist literary criticism “is to show the text as it cannot know itself, to manifest those conditions of its making (inscribed in its very letter) about which it is necessarily silent” (428). According to George Lukacs (1963), “literature should reflect the real world” (70). I conclude that through the use deep focus photography, Orson Welles makes timeless criticism of capitalism and the ills of materialism. Until society overcomes these problems, it is likely that Citizen Kane will continue as a perpetually contemporary reminder on what is truly important in this money driven world.

Ameera Khamar Chalikkuzhi

This research study examines the literary trends that have emerged in response to the post-truth era, characterized by the blurring of fact and fiction. By analysing contemporary literature, author interviews, reader surveys, and critical analysis, this study explores how literature reflects and responds to this complex socio-political climate. The study pinpoints and examines the blurring of the lines between reality and fiction by authors, the frequency of satire and irony, and the use of narrative techniques, reader engagement, and the influence of political influences. The results advance knowledge of how literature influences public dialogue and critical thinking in the post-truth era.

Monika Aswal

Sigmund Freud’s Psychoanalysis as a Framework for analyzing the profound psychological Dichotomies in “The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde” (Louis, 1886). In essence, by Peeling the veil off the complex nature of the book’s characters and their behaviour that alludes to the id, ego, and superego, this study highlights the perennial consequence and topicality of the novel in contemporary times. The research offers a gripping account of Dr. Jekyll’s drawings Towards Mr. Hyde, who embodies his suppressed desires and unfettered self. This is what excavates the clash between Jekyll’s desires, and the embedded, tight, moral requirements, characterizing Victorian society. The paper also explores how Dr. Jekyll epitomizes the ego, constantly battling the call for restraint. This is an interesting investigation into the hidden psychological issues underlining humanity’s long-standing conflict between decadence and Submission. Jekyll’s dead suppressed superego comes to life with the death of Dr.Lanyon. It is a crucial turning point that brings out the revival of ethics in him, dismantling his unleashed id’s facade and instigating an intensive introspection on the effects of his deeds. Finally, the investigation uncovers the eerie aftermath of Dr. Jekyll’s last hand-written will. This text is a sign of warning showing what Can happen if you repress your urges or true feelings deep in yourself – it reflects how deadly this Suppression could be. This paper brings out the deep psychology of Stevenson’s masterpiece Through Freudian theory. Repression is imposed by sentiment and reticence. Now there is a conflict between the need for expression and the compression of repression. To overcome this conflict, the author revisits his emotions through literary art and other arts in a valiant or disgusted form. Like a pressure cooker, if Vishal is not out, then the pressure cooker is blasting. This mode of self-expression is a safety-values tool for humans. This detailed analysis exposes deep truths about human behaviour, societal contradictions, and the search for identity. In short, it illustrates how relevant it is to strike a balance between personal wishes and societal demands nowadays.