American Research Journal of English and Literature

Dr. K. G. B.Santhosh Kumari1, Dr. I. S. V. Manjula2

This paper highlights the problems faced by women in 20th century by citing the examples from the novels of Mulk Raj Anand. The gender bigotry in the patriarchal society of colonial India, in particular, is deftly portrayed by Anand through his characters. The atrocities of the male characters like Reggie and the suffering of female characters like Sohini,Gauri,Rukmini allow the readers to get a realistic perception of the days of colonial era, particularly in the lower strata of society working in the tea plantation that were governed ruthlessly by the colonial representatives. The novels of Anand are a record of the social conditioning of the working class women and men of those days.

Milorad [sin Nade Tesla] Ivanković

In this whole wide universe nothing is more precious to man than Wisdom. The ancients therefore, aimed at attaining wisdom as their supreme spiritual goal known by the Greek term philo-sophia viz. Love of Wisdom. The chapter 8 of the famous Biblical Book of Proverbs by king Solomon is entirely devoted to Wisdom. There is, however, a region in Europe inhabited by the people who aimed in not so distant past against common sense and good reason at assassinating Wisdom without blinking of their eyes, thus bringing calamity, disaster and catastrophe not merely to their past, but equally to their present and future

Nadiyah KHUSHBOO

Kazuo Ishiguro (1954-) is quite possibly the most affecting scholars of post-world war period. His third novel The Remains of the Day (1989) is truly outstanding of his fictions composed utilizing his mark mnemo-method. The tale proceeded to pack the Booker the next year. The storyteller hero Stevens is a steward by calling. With every one of his shortcomings and imperfections he addresses an extraordinary human nature if not typical of liking to be somewhat to become, in a Nietzschean sense. Stevens has various blemishes which clutches the interest of the perusers. He is dependent on accepting and continuing as before a picture of his dad. His recollections and his style of memory parts with him to the perusers as perhaps the most charming of the inconsistent storytellers at any point made. The personality of Stevens is even more an admonition than an examination. The creator cautions us of the furthest points or absolutisms. In reality a lot of anything-even a thought is essentially off-base.

Acheoah John Emike (PhD) & Margaret Nonyerem Agu

This paper is essentially an appraisal of Lawal’s Communicative Model Theory within the purview of stylistics and pragmatics. Any investigation of the stylistic and pragmatic factors that motivate language use is inevitably immersed in language users’ supremacy over the normative properties of language. One of the factors that promoted scholarly interest in pragmatics is the possibility that significant functional explanations can be given for linguistic facts. Like any study in pragmatics, research in stylistics investigates contextual factors that inform language use; in this regard, the meaning of an utterance – not its grammaticalness – is the major concern. This paper hinges on The Pragma-crafting Theory as a theoretical framework and concludes that although the Communicative Model Theory is bedeviled by its inability to explain certain dimensions of language use, it captures the contextual underpinnings of language use.

Dr. Ahmad Qabaha

This paper originally and substantially studies Nathaniel Hawthorne’s ‘The Birth-Mark’ from an ecofemninsit perspective, while exploring the interconnections and interdependency between the systematic and institutional ways in which woman and nature were dominated by male-centred society in 19th century America. By building on significant contributions to ecofeminist theory, this paper argues that the oppression of women and exploitation of nature by patriarchal culture and male-run institutions are represented in ‘The Birth-Mark’ as a product of masculinist, colonialist and capitalist assumptions and practices. This paper demonstrates that patriarchal culture’s unjust hierarchies and systems of domination are connected conceptually, and the promise of Aylmer to relieve Georgina from the corporeal crisis is an instance of difference-and-hierarchy-based domination; it aims at perpetuating the accepted authority and power of man who can contest God’s female terrain, and to claim his ability to recreate and reintegrate it in ways that show absolute control over nature and God.

Ms. Mahbuba Shoukot

J.M Coetzee’s Disgrace plot and the Bangladeshi Scenarios are mostly similar; especially in gender discrimination, though the situations and structure of society differ. Surprisingly, this makes me pretty much thoughtful the variances do not make any changes. Gender blindness is everywhere, whether in South Africa or Bangladesh. Women are always the scapegoat by society, religion ethnicity, norms, and rites. They always face violence or hatred in different folds. The essay conveys the forcible sex violations that happened in the novel. The story portrays the two male protagonists who are parallel in the antagonist role as well. Women's roles are used here to show how men prudently play dice to gain power and abduct a woman. Escape from the crime is the easiest way to build a new way out under the male chauvinist regulations.

P.V. Laxmiprasad 

Indian English Poetry is replete with both ancient and modern elements. Pre-independent and post-independent India marked two different phases in poetry. Poets predominantly dealt with conventional themes in the past. But, one distinguishing feature of Post –independent poetry has been to portray a diversified representation of multiple themes. A careful analysis of thoughts, feelings, and psyche of the poets not only genuinely but eloquently reveals urban ‘cynicism and anguish’ and reveals ‘hope and anticipation’ quite aptly. Poets differed according to the age in which they had lived but ultimately, their poetry became a subject matter of anguish and agony. There have been obvious expressions of urban life in the beginnings but as the poets emerged in the early twentieth century, rural side of the life figured prominently in their writings. PCK Prem observes, “Poetry depicting rural background and the inner world of man is also conscious of the collapse of human bonds and aspirations even as sufferings, struggles, and failures dishearten but carry elements of hope, and thus, infuse a spirit to live life persuasively”. (2006: 21) Poetry is not only a study of thoughts or emotions but it also involves reading of a huge poetic landscape, literary yield, political thought process and its evolution, and the social and economic environment. From 1920, after taking into consideration various social and historical facts, one assumes that contemporary Indian English Poetry begins its ambitious journey --- in rising cities and other rural areas, developing towns of various regions to be more specific Indian English Poetry begins its journey. One such element is the delineation of bucolic elements in poetry. India is predominantly a rural country side with 60% of population living in villages. The countryside is a geographic area located outside the cities and towns. Indian villages have low population density and small settlements. The poetry of T.V. Reddy is rooted in bucolic elements. In fact, all his poetry collections carry the hallmarks of rural life, pastoral panorama and idyllic nature. They beautify his poetry against rural background. Rural life in India forms the very basis of economy and essential living conditions. In fact, it is the backbone of development in diversity. Life in cities is always different from life in rural areas.

Krishnaveni KP

The Indian women writers are the one who mainly talks about the male ego and female desire for freedom. Through their writings women writer tries to oppose the male dominance over them. Indian women writers depict the injustices, the anguish and the despair they received in a male dominated society. Many of the writings can be considered as a mutiny against the restraints which the society thrust upon women. In this man-centered world they are trying to bring out the feminine identity through their works. Indian women writers never attempted to adopt any masculine roles to achieve themselves as equal as men, but through their writings they came across all the barrier of class, gender and space boundaries. They try to project masculinity and femininity as equal categories. Though through their works the Indian women writers tries to project women’s responses to gender questions. However, they tried to depict the fact that writings of women need not be differentiated by language or location.