American Research Journal of Gynaecology

Adnan Bashir Bhatti1, Muhammad Usman2, Farhan Ali3, Siddique Akbar Satti4 Nabiyah Bakhtawar5

Background: Breastfeeding is the normal way of providing young infants with the nutrients they need for healthy growth and development. The WHO recommends exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months of life, after which infants should receive nutritionally adequate and safe complementary foods while breastfeeding continues up to two years of age or beyond. This research focuses on breastfeeding of children and its relationship to their motor and cognitive development. Objective: To assess the development (motor and cognitive) in children aged 5 years who have been breastfed and who have been not. Material and Methods Study Design: Cross-sectional Study Study Setting and duration: Duration of the study was 3 months. Setting: Children visiting pediatric OPD of Capital Development Authority (CDA) Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan. Inclusion criteria: We will select children aged 5 years whose mothers have given consent for the data collection Data Collection and analysis: Data Analysis will be done using SPSS version 17.Initial Analysis will include frequency distribution and calculation of descriptive statistics e.g. mean median mode and standard deviation Results: In our study we included 250 subjects following our inclusion criteria. Of 250 subjects 152 were male 60.80% and 98 were female 39.20 % (Graph No. 1). Of these 250 children 83 (33.2%) were school going and 167 (66.8%) were not (Table No. 1). We developed a scale to evaluate the motor and cognitive development of these subjects and found out that10 (50 %) of the non-breastfed children fell in the Poor (score 1-4) category while only 1 (0.4 %) who was breastfed also fell in this category. Making a total of 11 (4.4 %) out of 250 subjects belonging to the Poor category. 7 (35 %) of the non-breastfed children and 23 (10 %) of the breastfed children belonged to the Average (score 4-8) group. Making a total of 30 (12 %) out of 250 subjects belonging to the Average group. 3 (15 %) of the non-breastfed subjects and 206 (89.6 %) of the breastfed subjects fell in the Good (score 8-12) category. Making a total of 209 subjects out of 250 in the Good category. (Table No. 9) Conclusions: Breast feeding has a strong relationship with the motor and cognitive development of the children.

B MATEVEKE (MBChB, MMED OBGYN)a TCHIPATO (MBChB, FRCOG)a B T GUZHA (MBChB, MRCOG)a L MAHACHI (BDS, MSc Biostatis)b

Objective: To assess factors associated with failed induction in patients induced with oral misoprostol at 37 completed weeks of gestation or more. Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted on pregnant women with singleton fetuses in cephalic presentation undergoing induction of labour with titrated oral misoprostol at a tertiary hospital in Zimbabwe. The sample size was 171. Participants were given between 15ml to 30ml of a 1mcg/ml solution of oral misoprostol hourly and this was discontinued following the onset of labour pains. The main outcome measure was vaginal delivery within 24 hours of completing one cycle of titrated oral misoprostol. Results: Only maternal body mass index (hazard ratio: 0.952; p value=0.026), the total dose of misoprostol (hazard ratio of 0.977; p value

Mahmoud Edessy1, Ahmed Ali M. Nasr2, Mahmoud Fouad3, Abd El Naser Abd El Gaber Ali4*, Khaled El Batal5, Ahemd Abd El Hamed6, Yousef Gamal7

Objective: to assess the reproductive outcome (ovulation rate and pregnancy rate) in relation to a proposed Edessy ovarian reserve score after different methods of ovulation inductions. Patients and Methods: 200 primary infertilitywomen due to PCOS were recruited for the study that conducted in Obstetrics and Gynecology Department Of Al-Azhar university hospital at Assiut from October 2015 to June 2016..Patients were classified into four groups according to methods of ovulation induction (50 patients for each): Group I: clomide, Group II: metformin +clomid, Group III:letrozole and Group IV: laparoscopic ovarian drilling. Patients included in this study wereevaluated according to Edessy Ovarian Reserve Score(EORS). Results: ovulation rate was 76.9%, 75%,61.5% and 71.2% for group I, II, III and IV respectively. Pregnancy rate was 42.3%, 59.6%, 28.8% and 38.5% for group I, II, III and IV respectively.There were significant negative correlations between ORS and FSH, E2. There were significant positive correlation between ORS and AMH, AFC and MOV. Also, there were significant positive correlation between ORS and ovulation and pregnancy rate. In our study There is significant positive relationship between pregnancy rate and ORS (37% 0f pregnancy in all subgroups were EORS ≥ 5 while 6.5%of pregnancy in all subgroups were EORS

Maja Avramovska1, Goran Dimitrov1, Marija Hadzi Lega1, Elena Dzikova1 Gligor Tofoski1, Ana Daneva Markova1

Background/Aims: Doppler ultrasonography is used in clinical gynecologic practice to detect the renal macroscopic vascular abnormalities and changes in blood flow at the micro vascular level. The aim of the study was to find the differences between renal flow parameters in pregnant and nonpregnat participants, and to find the associative connection of those Doppler parameters with certain stages of gestation period.Methods: Doppler ultrasonography evaluations of both kidneys were performed in 65 pregnant women and 35 healthy volonteers from control group (CG). We measured resistive index (RI) at the level of the arcuate or interlobar arteries, peak systolic velocity (PSV) and end diastolic velocity (EDV) in pregnant and CG. Results: We found statistically high significance in renal RI (0.648±0.017 vs. 0.616±0.035 in pregnant and CG, p < 0.0001) and in RI between three gestational age subgroups (0.645±0.027, 0.659±0.013 and 0.644±0.011 for first, second and third group, respectively). The mean PSV and EDV results for pregnant and CG were: 60.09±3.87 and 21.15±1.57 vs. 52.99±12.32 and 20.28±4.51. The PSV and EDV results among subgroups were: 58.29±3.25, 60.93±4.40 and 60.65±3.39 for PSV and 20.38±1.57, 21.28±1.55 and 21.62±1.42 for EDV, according first, second and third group, respectively). There is a high statistical significance between PSVs and renal RIs in pregnant and CG (P < 0.0001), but not between the EDVs (p = 0.162). By linear regression analysis (y = 19.4009 + 0.06813∙x) we found strong positive correlation between EDV and gestational age, only. Conclusions: We conclude that pregnancy reduces renal vascular resistance (RI) and increases renal flow according statistically high significance between the mean renal RI in pregnant and CG. The EDV changes during gestational age are more than two and a half time bigger than changes in PSV. The

Fatma S. Nady1, Mamdouh E. said2, Entisar M. Youness3, Hanan E. Hassan*4

Background: There are 7.2 million female cancer survivors today, it is estimated that 40,450 women will die from breast cancer subsequently, unprecedented survivorship issues concerning psychosocial needs for women have become the new focus for healthcare providers and researchers. Aim: Assess the effectiveness of education program on quality of life (QΟL) improvement in women undergoing treatment for breast cancer.Study design: Α quasi experimental.Sample &amp; settings: Α purposeful sample of 64 women diagnosed with breast cancer that attended the oncology institute, El-Minia region, and recruited randomly. Tool: Semi-structured interview questionnaire included reproductive concern scale female sexual function index, impact of event scale, and functional assessment of cancer therapy-breast. Results of this study indicated improvement in cancer QΟL after administration of the program as (65.62%) of the study group as compared with (6.25%) of the control group had good QΟL and (0.0%) of the study group vs. (25.0%) of the control group had poor quality of life. Conclusion: The health education program showed evidence of improved QΟL, with a reduction in the sexual dysfunction, and lower stress levels. Thus, it can be said that health education program enhances physical, social, emotional, functional wellbeing and additional concerns related to breast cancer, and on enabling women to proactively live with a cancer condition.Recommendations: Based upon findings of the current study, it is suggested to heighten awareness &amp; knowledge about the treatment-related side effects among the nursing staff in the department for the nursingcare of this group of patients.