American Research Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

Electromagnetic pollution is an increasingly recognized environmental pressure associated with the expansion of wireless communication systems, electrical infrastructure, navigation technologies, and other human-generated sources of electromagnetic fields. Although these emissions are generally invisible and difficult to perceive, emerging ecological research suggests that prolonged or intense exposure may influence wildlife in ways that extend beyond individual physiological responses. Changes in orientation, movement, reproductive activity, nesting patterns, feeding behavior, and migration have been reported across different animal groups, raising concerns about possible consequences for population stability and ecosystem interactions. In aquatic environments, electromagnetic emissions associated with underwater cables and other infrastructure may also interact with the sensory and communication systems of marine organisms. These potential effects are particularly important because even subtle behavioral changes can alter predator–prey relationships, reproduction, habitat use, and species interactions. This article examines the ecological implications of electromagnetic pollution and emphasizes the need to incorporate electromagnetic exposure into wildlife assessment and conservation planning. A more integrated approach involving ecological monitoring, environmental impact assessment, exposure guidelines, and species-specific research is necessary to understand long-term risks and support biodiversity conservation.

Keywords: Electromagnetic Fields (EMF); Electromagnetic Radiation (EMR); Wildlife Ecology; Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA); Telecommunications Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI); International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP); Marine Electromagnetic Exposure; Animal Behavior; Ecological Risk Assessment.