American Research Journal of Clinical Case Reports

Renal involvement in the course of primary antiphospholipidsyndrome (APS) is exceptional and typically results in vascular nephropathy. Other nephropathies are rarer. We report an unusual case of acute interstitial nephritis associated with primary APS in a 38-year-old man with a history of recurrent venous thrombosis of the lower and upper limbs which was admitted for exploration of organic acute renal failure with creatinine level at 700µmol/l and both normal-sized kidneys. Biology showed a prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time; protein C, S, and anti-thrombin III were at normal levels; the antiphospholipid antibodies were positive at significant levels: Ig G at 38 GPL and IgM at 25 MPL. Nuclear antibodies were negative. Renal biopsy concluded to an isolated acute interstitial nephritis (AIN). There was no prior history of suspicious drug intake, nephrolithiasis, and neither old nor recent urinary tract infection. Under anticoagulants and corticosteroid therapy at full dose, the outcome was favorable with a check-up ofcreatinine level at 82µmol/l after 2 months. To the best of our knowledge, the isolated AIN has not been described during the primary APS. This nephropathy could be a new event enriching the spectrum of renal complications during this syndrome. Keywords: Acute interstitial nephritis; primary antiphospholipid syndrome; nephropathy.