American Research Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology

Workineh Tesema*1 Yehuwalashet Bekele2

In Ethiopia University library was providing a traditional way of services. The traditional library service was backward on effective information disseminations as well as it brings impact on the development of information centers. The present study focuses on factors hindering the development of library and information centers in Ethiopia. The questionnaire, observation and interview are used to investigate the underlying influences that affect library. The key problems addressed were lack of staff training and shortage of necessary facilities. As the result argued that the library has lack of staff training and shortage of ICT facilities by 88.6% and 97.2% respectively. For University library, the window of network (Internet) should be recommended to upgrade their services to allocate updated and current reference services and Internet services.

1*Dr. Hardik Gohel, 2Dr. Bhavesh Kumar Garsondiya, 3Dr. Aarti Kothia, 4Mr. Hitesh Jani

Brain-Computer Interface (BCI), sometimes called a direct neural interface or a brain-machine interface (BMI), is a direct communication between the brain and an external device. BCIs are often designed to help increase or repair cognitive or human sensomotor functions. Brain-Machine Interfaces (BMI) or Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCI), also known as neuro-prostheses, are conceived as technological interfaces between a host (typically a computer) and a user’s brain. It should allow the use to perform a specific task, usually without performing any motor action. This implies that nerve impulses generated by the user’s brain are detected, processed and used by the machine, almost in real time, to perform defined tasks. As an example, information can be processed and used to control mechanical systems (e.g. actuators) or electrical devices (eg electronic devices). It is now very difficult to read the neuroimaging of the brain computer interfacing the human brain. There are several studies that describe the methodology of doing so, but not enough, which leads us to a deliberative study of various brain imaging methods of reading on the human brain’s computer interface. This article includes several types of brain imaging methods for the Human Brain (H-BCI) computer interface.

Dr. Ramadan Elaiess 

Research Objectives: The purpose of this paper is to sheds new light on the importance of information and communication technology infrastructure and its significant role in establishing an information-based society. It intendeds to focus on the current state of ICT infrastructure in developing countries and discuss its potency and influence on enhancing the competitiveness and productivity that needs to be improved in order to foster the total economy of those countries. It will also concentrate on the digital divide between advanced countries and third world nations. This paper aims to accomplish another goal related directly to Action Plan that might be formulated to lead to an information society in developing countries and the Arabic speaking world. This, in turn, will reflect positively on the economy of developing countries and assist in establishing the targeted knowledge - based society as a forward step. The objective of this paper is to draw an outline for the transition route which should take place in developing countries in order to establish an information - based society as the transition route has become a compulsory corridor and not a matter of choice. It is also essential to point out in this context that this paper will suggest different ways and approaches that might assist the Arab states in the transition course by implementing policies and strategies derived from the recommendations of the World Summit on the Information Society. Methodology / Approach: The design of this paper is based on different tools such as personal readings of intellectual production, literature review, experience, and the insights of other researchers and experts in the scope of ICTs. In addition to that, the paper is also based on the recommendations of the World Summit on the Information Society which was held in two phases. The first phase took place in Geneva during 2003 and the second in Tunis during 2005. The main objective of WSIS was to bridge the digital divide between developing and developed countries and to promote the creation of an equitable and all-inclusive information society. Research Implications: This paper may assist ICT policy makers as well as information policy makers in the third world countries to develop innovative guiding principles that position ICT infrastructures and information technology applications such as E-learning, E-business, E-commerce, E-health, E-government and so on, as a part of a strategic plan. This, in turn, is expecting to assist in solving a lot of problems associated with weakness of access to up-to-date information required for improving the current situation and to encourage the adoption of ICT in those countries. Originality / Value: This paper adds new information and deepens understanding of a significant issue. It is the first of its kind to provide information and considerable insights on the current scenario of ICT infrastructures in developing countries. It indicates also existing obstacles, barriers, difficulties, suggestion, and recommendations for further development. Findings and Conclusion: The paper reveals that effective adoption of ICT in developing countries will accelerate the level of knowledge acquisition and consequently improve national development. The paper also concludes with a proposal for developing and enhancing the current scenario by adopting some programs that can facilitate achieving the targeted goals and highlights important policy considerations relevant to ICTs infrastructure development.  

Dr. Vijay Tiwari 

Use of OFDM over multiple carriers is in use for some time now. Multiple carriers’ performance relies on the diversity. In case of diversity with multiple receive and transmit antennas, every antenna receives a linear combination of individual transmissions and added noise. However concept of channel decoupling by using Single Value Decomposition (SVD) has been employed to ensure decoupling among MIMO channels. In this paper we have shown that a decoupled channel behaves as if undergoing spatial multiplexing. Transmission without distortion is always a priority and hence concept of coherence bandwidth has been considered and its effects on the channel bandwidth are reported. Doppler Shift effects over MIMO channel are discussed. Dependence of BER on SNR has been simulated for various cases where in combinations of multiple transmission and reception antennas have been discussed.