American Research Journal of Agriculture

Mekuanint Tadilo1, Habtie Ambaw2

The traditional leather products are important household materials and income generating business especially for the rural community. To produce traditional leather products, they follow different steps and procedures and to facilitate this process in between, they apply different materials and indigenous vegetables. The involvement of traditional tanners in the market is significant that the volume of raw cattle hide they absorb for producing traditional leather goods is more than 600,000 per annum. All the local tanners who work through the process were made up of young and middle aged men. By tradition, local tanners in Ethiopia belong to a low-caste and are looked down upon by other parts of the community. Artisanal group has suffered from prejudice and relative isolation in society. Considering the high amount of produced leather waste which contains toxic and pollutes plant residues, there should be a great interest to develop a water collection center in the nearby surrounding so as to protect pollution of water bodies which are reserved both for humans and animals. 

Rajender Singh1, Parveen Bano2, Prabuddh Kumar Mishra1* 

The technique to identify how the pattern of a particular landuse/land cover (LULC) has evolved using various tools and methodologies is accessible through geospatial techniques. LULC is an important field of research in geography since it shows how the landuse of a region has been changing in time and space. It requires precise data on the LULC change that has occurred in that region, especially in this era of new urban and industrial developments. The LULC study was conducted in Sampla, a small town in the Rohtak district of Haryana, India. Due to the continuous growth of the National Capital Region(NCR), Delhi, Sampla, and its surrounding areas have seen a significant land use change. Thus, Sampla is an example of one such town where landuse changes are continually undergoing due to its proximity to India’s capital. Therefore, the present study aims to analyze the LULC changes in Sampla over two decades using geoinformatics techniques like LULC, Change matrix, Image Difference, vector and raster data analysis. The analysis starts by constructing three LULC layers for two decades (2001,2011, and 2021). Results of the study show that Sampla has undergone massive change in the last two decades. Built up area has increased manifold, and an increase in the area under barren land and wasteland is also observed. An increase in the area covered by water bodies has led to urban flooding within the town. 

Mammadov Asgar Samed, Сalalova Vafa Yashar 

The initial stage of the drought usually begins with low-activity high anticyclones and is followed by continuous (several weeks to 2-3 months) high temperatures and low rainfalls. As a result, the soil moisture reserve decreases, the high temperature gradually decreases in humidity, increase potential evaporation, and the threat to agricultural crops increases. The long-timedroughts (several years) even lead to the migration of the population. In this regard, it is undeniable that the role of the Azores and Siberian maximums in the activation of hydrometeorological anomalies in Azerbaijan has recently increased

Mammadov Asgar Samed1, Rajabov Rustam Fakhraddin2, Calalova Vefa Yashar3

One of the issues discussed among researchers is how the modern warming will damage on agricultural productivity. Thus, the increase of the temperature is observed by the decrease of rainfall and increase of drought frequency in some regions of the world. In this case, the decrease of agricultural productivity is inevitable. Of course, in some regions contrast process also can happen, ie., temperature and rainfall may increase and drought tendension may decrease. In this case, productivity will increase. For clearing the issue, new strategy, that will take into account climate changes happening in both warming and colding periods is suggested. On the other side, the ways of defining supposed risks of processes influencing on productivity dynamics are shown. For this the notion of angle coefficient of trend is included for the first time. 

Rania I.M. Almoselhy*

Determination of authenticity of extra virgin olive oils has become very important in recent years due to the increasing public concerns about possible adulterations with relatively cheap vegetable oils and deodorized olive oils. The analysis and authentication of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) represent very challenging analytical chemical problems. Each country may have its own definition of olive oil and its own limits for particular oil parameters and monitoring guidelines in International Standards. Generally, these standards are based on the International Olive Council (IOC) and Codex Standards but often there are alternatives for different countries. The aim of this review is to provide specific information about olive oils with special concern about extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) and analytical techniques to detect adulteration of EVOO. The guidelines for genuine olive oil are adapted from the IOC, other legitimate and appropriate sources. The contents provide information on possible adulterants in olive oil, the underlying causes of adulteration, and how to test for the presence of these adulterants.

Rania I.M. Almoselhy

This review is designed to be a comprehensive review in a new way to help you to understand the principle and theory of Thermal Analysis with special emphasis on Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) as a new fast-growing and important technique used for authentication, characterization and detecting adulterations of oils and fats. DSC is a powerful instrument that measures the energy absorbed or released as a function of time or a controlled temperature profile. The sensor of the DSC is the heat flux plate which is designed to give superior performance and rugged reliability. The heat flux plate is capable of measuring small energy changes over the entire temperature range. Examples of measurements with DSC are Oxidative Stability, Melting Enthalpy, Glass Transition, Heat of Crystallization, Purity Determination and Heat Capacity. DSC can be used as a rapid method for assessment of oxidative stability, prediction of shelf life and evaluation of the quality of edible oils during refining. DSC holds a potential to be used as the reliable and reproducible technique for the detection of adulteration of animal body fat added in ghee individually and in combination of vegetable oil. DSC method is faster, require less sample size and no chemicals or solvents compared to other conventional, modern oxidative stability methods and conventional shelf life estimation.

Sawsan, F. A. Salih., I. Bushara and Muna, M. M. Ahmed

The experiment was conducted on desert male sheep’s to evaluate the effect feeding moringa on body weight gain, feed intake and body weight change. Twelve (12) rams of desert sheep aged 4-5 months and weighing 12.1 Kg (11.7-12.4 Kg) were used in these experiments. The goats were divided randomly into three groups; each group (4 males) in complete randomized design. The results revealed that the group one which fed mixture of rang plants showed the heaviest body weight gain as 104.48 g/day compared with other feeds. The effect of feeds on body weight change and final gain, was significant (P ≤ 0.001) with the mixture of range plants with moringa (26.77±0.68kg) and mixture of range plants alone (25.33±0.76kg) compared with moringa alone (22.77±3.87kg).

Djang-Fordjour, H.,Hamidu, J.A. Adomako, K.

The hatchery and hatching egg industry has performed minimally in Ghana over past two decades in Ghana. As a result, importation of day old chicks in Ghana has increased considerably. The objective of the current study was to provide inventory of actively operating hatcheries in Ghana and to discover opportunities on improvement in Ghanaian hatcheries. Survey was carried out on known and active hatcheries in Ghana to take inventory of human resource strength and qualification, hatchery output, capacity of operation, availability of parent stock, common hatchery practices maintained to increased chick quality, day old chick production and market outlets, rates of chick mortality, distance of hatcheries from breeding farms, hatcheries importation of eggs to hatch, types of incubators and the type of incubation systems in used and whether hatcheries provide any follow-up on farms that take chicks from them. Structured questionnaires administered to local hatcheries were assessed and all data expressed as percentage. The data collected showed that there are 9 hatcheries in Ghana operating actively in hatching broiler or layer chicks or both. While 7 hatcheries assessed showed averagely 29.9% utilization of their installed capacity, only two of these hatcheries were operating at 60 and 68.42% of their full capacity. The capacity of these hatcheries were 38,000 and 115,200 eggs respectively. The type of incubators used by all the hatcheries includes Chick Master, Buckeye, Asefac, Petersime, Westing and Beckier while the major incubation system practiced was the multistage incubation system. Only one hatchery had a single stage incubator. All these hatcheries reported using doing multistage incubation, all the incubators appeared to have single stage incubation principle. Three of the 7 hatcheries provided basic training for all staff members and additional three provided training for about 40 to 70 % of their staff. Only 3 hatcheries had their own parent stock, the rest bought or depend on other farmers or contracting them to supply fertile eggs for hatching. Major challenges reported were dead in shells, unsealed navels, twisted beak, wet chicks, and blind chicks among others. The study concludes that the major challenges confronting the hatchery industry in Ghana were more due to high incubation temperatures, low relative humidity, and lack of staff training on basic principles of incubation. 

Bhati Praveesh1, Shouche Shobha2, Jain Sudhir Kumar3, Dhundhale Kavita4

The application of vermicompost to improve the physical properties of soils is a promising technology to meet the requirements of high plant growth and cost-effective recovery. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the comparative effect of different proportion of vermicom post and cattle dung mixed soil on Triticum astivum (Wheat) and Faciolus mungo (Urad) Plant. Different growth parameters viz. germination studies, plant length, dry weight and photosynthetic pigment were analyzed. In the present investigation highest germination percentage, plant length,dry weight of root /shoot and chlorophyll-carotenoid percentage were recorded in 50% soil treated with vermicompost and cattle dung than control soil and other proportions. It has also found that all the selected growth parameters of both Wheat and Urad plant showed significant improvement in vermicompost treated soil than cattle dung treated soil. The present investigation clearly revealed that the addition of vermicompost to soil greatly enhanced the yield in Wheat and Urad plant