/* ============================================
   ARJ PUBLISHING - External Stylesheet
   ============================================ */

:root {
  --primary-dark: #0b2242;
  --primary-blue: #0d2f5e;
  --primary-navy: #071c3a;
  --accent-gold: #c5a059;
  --accent-gold-dark: #9f7e3c;
  --accent-gold-light: #dfc17a;
  --accent-orange: #c5a059;
  --accent-orange-hover: #9f7e3c;
  --btn-bg: var(--accent-gold);
  --btn-bg-hover: var(--accent-gold-dark);
  --btn-color: var(--primary-navy);
  --light-bg: #f4f6f9;
  --light-gray: #e8ecf1;
  --text-muted: #6c757d;
  --text-dark: #1a2b3c;
  --white: #ffffff;
  --topbar-height: 48px;
  --navbar-height: 88px;
  --site-header-height: calc(var(--topbar-height) + var(--navbar-height));
  --scroll-offset: calc(var(--site-header-height) + 1.25rem);
  --shadow-sm: 0 2px 12px rgba(12, 35, 64, 0.08);
  --shadow-md: 0 4px 24px rgba(12, 35, 64, 0.12);
  --transition: 0.3s ease;
  --section-py: 2rem;
  --container-max: 1140px;
  --discovery-max: 1280px;
  --radius-lg: 14px;
  --radius-md: 10px;
}

/* ---- Page pattern (alternating sections) ---- */
.section-pattern {
  background: var(--light-bg);
}

.section-pattern-alt {
  background: #f8fafc;
}

.section-padding {
  padding: var(--section-py) 0;
}

.section-white {
  background: var(--white);
}

*,
*::before,
*::after {
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

body {
  font-family: "Inter", -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, sans-serif;
  color: var(--text-dark);
  line-height: 1.6;
  overflow-x: hidden;
}

a {
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: color var(--transition);
}

img {
  max-width: 100%;
  height: auto;
}

/* ---- Site Header (top bar + menu) ---- */
.site-header {
  z-index: 1030;
  background: var(--white);
  box-shadow: 0 2px 20px rgba(7, 28, 58, 0.08);
}

/* ---- Top Utility Bar ---- */
.top-bar {
  background: var(--primary-navy);
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.9);
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  padding: 12px 0;
  min-height: var(--topbar-height);
  border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.06);
}

.top-bar a {
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.9);
}

.top-bar a:hover {
  color: var(--accent-orange);
}

.top-bar .top-contact span {
  margin-right: 1.25rem;
}

.top-bar .top-contact i {
  color: var(--accent-orange);
  margin-right: 0.35rem;
}

.top-bar .top-links a {
  margin-left: 0;
  padding: 0 0.65rem;
  border-left: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2);
}

.top-bar .top-links a:first-child {
  border-left: none;
  padding-left: 0;
}

.top-bar .lang-select {
  background: transparent;
  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.3);
  color: var(--white);
  font-size: 0.75rem;
  padding: 2px 8px;
  border-radius: 4px;
  margin-left: 0.65rem;
}

.top-bar .container > .row {
  justify-content: space-between;
}

.top-right {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: flex-end;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 0.65rem;
  width: auto;
  max-width: 100%;
  padding-right: 0;
}

.top-right .top-links {
  gap: 0;
}

.top-right .btn-submit-top {
  margin-left: 0.25rem;
  flex-shrink: 0;
}

.btn-submit-top {
  background: var(--btn-bg);
  color: var(--btn-color) !important;
  font-size: 0.75rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  padding: 0.45rem 1.1rem;
  border-radius: 6px;
  white-space: nowrap;
  border: none;
  line-height: 1.4;
  transition: background var(--transition), transform var(--transition);
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.4rem;
}

.btn-submit-top:hover {
  background: var(--btn-bg-hover);
  color: var(--btn-color) !important;
  transform: translateY(-1px);
}

.btn-submit-top i {
  font-size: 0.7rem;
}

/* ---- Main Navbar ---- */
.main-navbar {
  background: var(--white);
  padding: 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--light-gray);
}

.main-navbar .navbar-inner {
  min-height: var(--navbar-height);
  align-items: center;
}

.navbar-brand {
  font-weight: 800;
  color: var(--primary-dark) !important;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.65rem;
  padding: 0;
  margin-right: 1.5rem;
  flex-shrink: 0;
  max-width: none;
}

.navbar-brand .brand-logo {
  display: block;
  width: auto;
  height: auto;
  max-height: 72px;
  max-width: 280px;
  object-fit: contain;
  flex-shrink: 0;
}

.navbar-brand .logo-icon {
  width: 44px;
  height: 44px;
  flex-shrink: 0;
  background: linear-gradient(145deg, var(--accent-gold-dark) 0%, var(--accent-gold) 55%, var(--accent-gold-light) 100%);
  border-radius: 10px;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  color: var(--primary-navy);
  font-size: 1.15rem;
  box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(7, 28, 58, 0.2);
}

.brand-text {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  line-height: 1.15;
}

.brand-name {
  font-size: 1.15rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: 0.04em;
  color: var(--primary-dark);
}

.brand-tagline {
  font-size: 0.65rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  color: var(--text-muted);
  letter-spacing: 0.06em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  margin-top: 2px;
}

.navbar-menu {
  gap: 0.35rem;
  align-items: center;
}

.main-navbar .nav-item {
  margin: 0;
}

.main-navbar .nav-link {
  color: var(--primary-dark);
  font-size: 0.8125rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  padding: 1.35rem 0.8rem !important;
  letter-spacing: 0.02em;
  position: relative;
  transition: color 0.2s ease;
  white-space: nowrap;
  outline: none;
  box-shadow: none;
  border: none;
  background: transparent;
}

.main-navbar .nav-link:hover,
.main-navbar .nav-link:focus,
.main-navbar .nav-link:focus-visible,
.main-navbar .nav-link.active,
.main-navbar .nav-link.show {
  color: var(--accent-orange);
  outline: none;
  box-shadow: none;
  border: none;
  background: transparent;
}

.main-navbar .nav-item > .nav-link::before {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  left: 0.8rem;
  right: 0.8rem;
  bottom: 0.65rem;
  height: 2px;
  border-radius: 2px;
  background: var(--accent-orange);
  transform: scaleX(0);
  transition: transform 0.25s ease;
}

.main-navbar .nav-item > .nav-link:hover::before,
.main-navbar .nav-item > .nav-link.active::before,
.main-navbar .nav-item.dropdown.show > .nav-link::before,
.main-navbar .nav-item.dropdown:hover > .nav-link::before {
  transform: scaleX(1);
}

.main-navbar .nav-item.dropdown > .nav-link.dropdown-toggle {
  padding: 1.35rem 0.8rem !important;
}

.main-navbar .nav-item.dropdown > .nav-link.dropdown-toggle::before {
  right: 0.8rem;
}

.main-navbar .dropdown-toggle,
.main-navbar .dropdown-toggle:hover,
.main-navbar .dropdown-toggle:focus,
.main-navbar .dropdown-toggle:focus-visible,
.main-navbar .dropdown-toggle.show {
  outline: none !important;
  box-shadow: none !important;
  border: none !important;
  background-color: transparent !important;
}

.main-navbar .nav-item.dropdown:hover,
.main-navbar .nav-item.dropdown.show {
  outline: none;
  box-shadow: none;
}

/* Navbar dropdown menus */
.main-navbar .nav-item.dropdown {
  position: relative;
}

.main-navbar .dropdown-toggle::after {
  margin-left: 0.35em;
  vertical-align: 0.15em;
  border-width: 0.3em 0.3em 0;
  border-top-color: var(--primary-blue);
  opacity: 0.7;
  transition: transform 0.25s ease, border-top-color 0.2s ease;
  flex-shrink: 0;
}

.main-navbar .nav-item.dropdown.show > .dropdown-toggle::after,
.main-navbar .nav-item.dropdown:hover > .dropdown-toggle::after {
  transform: rotate(180deg);
}

.main-navbar .nav-item.dropdown.show > .nav-link,
.main-navbar .nav-item.dropdown:hover > .nav-link {
  color: var(--accent-orange);
}

.main-navbar .nav-item.dropdown.show > .dropdown-toggle::after,
.main-navbar .nav-item.dropdown:hover > .dropdown-toggle::after {
  border-top-color: var(--accent-orange);
  opacity: 1;
}

.main-navbar .dropdown-menu {
  border: none;
  border-radius: 12px;
  box-shadow: 0 16px 48px rgba(7, 28, 58, 0.14);
  padding: 0.65rem 0;
  margin-top: 0;
  min-width: 250px;
  animation: dropdownFadeIn 0.25s ease;
  overflow: hidden;
  outline: none;
}

@keyframes dropdownFadeIn {
  from {
    opacity: 0;
    transform: translateY(8px);
  }
  to {
    opacity: 1;
    transform: translateY(0);
  }
}

.main-navbar .dropdown-header {
  font-size: 0.7rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.06em;
  color: var(--primary-dark);
  padding: 0.5rem 1.25rem 0.35rem;
}

.main-navbar .dropdown-item {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.65rem;
  padding: 0.55rem 1.25rem;
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  color: var(--text-dark);
  transition: background var(--transition), color var(--transition), padding-left var(--transition);
}

.main-navbar .dropdown-item i {
  width: 18px;
  text-align: center;
  font-size: 0.8rem;
  color: var(--primary-blue);
  transition: color var(--transition);
}

.main-navbar .dropdown-item:hover,
.main-navbar .dropdown-item:focus,
.main-navbar .dropdown-item:focus-visible {
  background: rgba(197, 160, 89, 0.08);
  color: var(--accent-orange);
  padding-left: 1.4rem;
  outline: none;
  box-shadow: none;
  border: none;
}

.main-navbar .dropdown-item:hover i,
.main-navbar .dropdown-item:focus i {
  color: var(--accent-orange);
}

.main-navbar .dropdown-item.active,
.main-navbar .dropdown-item:active {
  background: var(--accent-orange);
  color: var(--white);
}

.main-navbar .dropdown-item.active i,
.main-navbar .dropdown-item:active i {
  color: var(--white);
}

.main-navbar .dropdown-item.dropdown-view-all {
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--accent-orange);
}

.main-navbar .dropdown-item.dropdown-view-all i {
  color: var(--accent-orange);
}

.main-navbar .dropdown-divider {
  margin: 0.4rem 1rem;
  border-color: var(--light-gray);
  opacity: 1;
}

.main-navbar .navbar-toggler {
  border: 1px solid var(--light-gray);
  padding: 0.4rem 0.55rem;
  border-radius: 8px;
}

.main-navbar .navbar-toggler:focus {
  box-shadow: 0 0 0 3px rgba(197, 160, 89, 0.2);
}

.main-navbar .navbar-toggler-icon {
  width: 1.35em;
  height: 1.35em;
}

@media (min-width: 992px) {
  .main-navbar .navbar-collapse {
    flex: 1 1 auto;
    justify-content: center;
  }

  .navbar-menu {
    flex-wrap: nowrap;
    width: 100%;
    max-width: 920px;
    margin: 0 auto;
    justify-content: space-between;
    gap: 0;
  }

  .main-navbar .nav-link,
  .main-navbar .nav-item.dropdown > .nav-link.dropdown-toggle {
    padding: 1.35rem 0.55rem !important;
  }

  .main-navbar .nav-item > .nav-link::before {
    left: 0.55rem;
    right: 0.55rem;
  }

  .main-navbar .nav-item.dropdown > .nav-link.dropdown-toggle::before {
    right: 0.55rem;
  }
}

/* ---- Buttons (ARJ logo gold) ---- */
.btn-orange {
  background: var(--btn-bg);
  color: var(--btn-color);
  border: none;
  font-weight: 600;
  padding: 0.65rem 1.5rem;
  border-radius: 6px;
  transition: background var(--transition), color var(--transition);
}

.btn-orange:hover {
  background: var(--btn-bg-hover);
  color: var(--btn-color);
}

.btn-outline-white {
  background: transparent;
  color: var(--white);
  border: 2px solid var(--white);
  font-weight: 600;
  padding: 0.6rem 1.5rem;
  border-radius: 6px;
  transition: all var(--transition);
}

.btn-outline-white:hover {
  background: var(--white);
  color: var(--primary-dark);
}

.btn-hero-primary {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.5rem;
  padding: 0.75rem 1.6rem;
  border-radius: 8px;
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  box-shadow: 0 4px 14px rgba(197, 160, 89, 0.35);
}

.btn-hero-primary i {
  font-size: 0.85rem;
}

.btn-hero-secondary {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.5rem;
  background: transparent;
  color: var(--white);
  border: 2px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.9);
  font-weight: 600;
  padding: 0.7rem 1.5rem;
  border-radius: 8px;
  transition: all var(--transition);
}

.btn-hero-secondary:hover {
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.12);
  color: var(--white);
  border-color: var(--white);
}

.btn-primary-dark {
  background: var(--btn-bg);
  color: var(--btn-color);
  border: none;
  font-weight: 600;
  padding: 0.5rem 1.25rem;
  border-radius: 6px;
}

.btn-primary-dark:hover {
  background: var(--btn-bg-hover);
  color: var(--btn-color);
}

/* ---- Hero Section ---- */
.hero-section {
  background: linear-gradient(160deg, var(--primary-navy) 0%, #0a2850 45%, #123d6e 100%);
  color: var(--white);
  padding: 4.5rem 0 2.5rem;
  position: relative;
  z-index: 2;
  overflow: hidden;
}

.hero-section .hero-carousel {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 2;
}

.hero-banner-group {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 3;
}

.hero-indexing-on-banner {
  position: absolute;
  left: 0;
  right: 0;
  bottom: 0;
  z-index: 8;
  pointer-events: none;
}

.hero-indexing-on-banner .indexing-bar-section {
  pointer-events: auto;
  margin: 0;
}

.hero-section .carousel-inner {
  overflow: visible;
  padding-bottom: 0;
}

.hero-section .hero-carousel .carousel-item {
  min-height: 0;
}

.hero-slide {
  position: relative;
  padding: 0.25rem 0 0.5rem;
  background-size: cover;
  background-position: center;
  background-repeat: no-repeat;
}

.hero-slide[style*="background-image"]::before {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  background: linear-gradient(160deg, rgba(7, 28, 58, 0.88) 0%, rgba(10, 40, 80, 0.78) 45%, rgba(18, 61, 110, 0.72) 100%);
  pointer-events: none;
}

.hero-slide--custom[style*="background-image"]::before,
.hero-slide--light::before {
  display: none;
}

.hero-slide--custom {
  background-size: cover;
  background-position: center top;
  background-repeat: no-repeat;
}

.hero-slide--full-banner {
  position: relative;
  width: 100%;
  padding: 0;
  line-height: normal;
  overflow: hidden;
}

.hero-full-banner-stack {
  position: relative;
  display: grid;
  width: 100%;
}

.hero-slide--full-banner > .hero-full-banner-stack > .hero-full-banner-img,
.hero-slide--full-banner > .hero-full-banner-stack > .hero-full-banner-overlay,
.hero-slide--full-banner > .hero-full-banner-stack > .hero-trust-pills-on-banner {
  grid-area: 1 / 1;
}

.hero-trust-pills-on-banner {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 4;
  align-self: start;
  width: 100%;
  padding: 2.65rem 0 0;
  margin: 0;
  pointer-events: none;
}

.hero-trust-pills-on-banner .container,
.hero-trust-pills-on-banner .hero-trust-pill {
  pointer-events: auto;
}

.hero-slide:not(.hero-slide--full-banner) {
  position: relative;
  padding-bottom: 3rem;
}

.hero-slide:not(.hero-slide--full-banner) > .hero-trust-pills-on-banner {
  position: absolute;
  top: 0;
  left: 0;
  right: 0;
  z-index: 4;
}

.hero-trust-pills {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 0.55rem;
}

.hero-trust-pill {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.45rem;
  padding: 0.42rem 0.85rem;
  border: 1px solid #d5dde8;
  border-radius: 8px;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.96);
  font-size: 0.64rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.05em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--primary-navy);
  line-height: 1.2;
  box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(7, 28, 58, 0.04);
}

.hero-trust-pill i {
  font-size: 0.92rem;
  color: #2d5f9f;
  flex-shrink: 0;
}

.hero-trust-pill--accent i {
  color: var(--accent-orange);
}

.hero-section:not(.hero-section--custom) .hero-trust-pills-on-banner .hero-trust-pill {
  border-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.28);
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.96);
  box-shadow: none;
}

.hero-section:not(.hero-section--custom) .hero-trust-pills-on-banner .hero-trust-pill i {
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.92);
}

.hero-section:not(.hero-section--custom) .hero-trust-pills-on-banner .hero-trust-pill--accent i {
  color: var(--accent-orange);
}

@media (max-width: 991.98px) {
  .hero-trust-pills-on-banner {
    padding: 1.5rem 0 0;
  }

  .hero-trust-pill {
    font-size: 0.6rem;
    padding: 0.38rem 0.7rem;
  }
}

.hero-full-banner-img {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  max-width: 100%;
  height: auto;
  margin: 0;
}

.hero-full-banner-overlay {
  z-index: 2;
  align-self: stretch;
  display: flex;
  align-items: flex-start;
  justify-content: flex-start;
  width: 100%;
  min-height: 0;
  padding: clamp(3.25rem, 8vw, 5.5rem) 0 clamp(3.25rem, 7vw, 4.25rem);
  pointer-events: none;
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

.hero-full-banner-overlay .container {
  pointer-events: none;
  width: 100%;
}

.hero-full-banner-overlay .row {
  justify-content: flex-start;
  width: 100%;
}

.hero-full-banner-overlay .hero-content {
  pointer-events: auto;
  position: relative;
  z-index: 3;
  max-width: 480px;
  text-align: left;
}

.hero-full-banner-overlay .hero-title {
  font-size: clamp(1.35rem, 2.4vw, 2rem);
  line-height: 1.22;
  margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
  color: var(--primary-navy);
}

.hero-full-banner-overlay .hero-title .highlight {
  color: var(--accent-orange);
}

.hero-full-banner-overlay .hero-desc {
  font-size: clamp(0.85rem, 1.2vw, 0.98rem);
  line-height: 1.55;
  margin-bottom: 1.1rem;
  max-width: 100%;
  color: #475569;
}

.hero-full-banner-overlay .hero-buttons {
  display: flex;
  gap: 0.65rem;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  justify-content: flex-start;
}

.hero-banner-action-row {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 1rem;
  width: 100%;
}

.hero-full-banner-overlay .hero-banner-main-row {
  align-items: flex-end;
}

.hero-indexing-col {
  pointer-events: auto;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: flex-end;
  min-width: 0;
}

.hero-indexing-col .indexing-bar-section {
  width: 100%;
  margin: 0;
}

.indexing-bar-section--inline-banner {
  background: transparent;
  backdrop-filter: none;
  -webkit-backdrop-filter: none;
  padding: 0;
  border: none;
}

.indexing-bar-section--inline-banner .indexing-bar-container {
  padding-left: 0;
  padding-right: 0;
}

.indexing-bar-section--inline-banner .indexing-bar-inner {
  justify-content: flex-end;
  gap: clamp(0.75rem, 2vw, 1.5rem);
}

.indexing-bar-section--inline-banner .indexing-bar-label {
  color: #64748b;
  text-align: right;
  min-width: 92px;
}

.indexing-bar-section--inline-banner .indexing-bar-partners {
  flex: 0 1 auto;
  justify-content: flex-end;
}

.hero-full-banner-overlay .btn-hero-secondary {
  color: var(--primary-navy);
  border-color: rgba(7, 28, 58, 0.35);
}

.hero-full-banner-overlay .btn-hero-secondary:hover {
  background: rgba(7, 28, 58, 0.06);
  color: var(--primary-navy);
  border-color: var(--primary-navy);
}

.hero-slide--full-banner > .hero-full-banner-stack > .hero-full-banner-overlay {
  padding-bottom: clamp(2rem, 5vw, 3rem);
}

@media (min-width: 992px) {
  .hero-full-banner-overlay {
    padding: clamp(4.75rem, 10vw, 6.75rem) 0 clamp(2rem, 4vw, 3rem);
  }

  .hero-full-banner-overlay .col-lg-5 {
    flex: 0 0 auto;
    width: 42%;
    max-width: 520px;
  }

  .hero-full-banner-overlay .hero-indexing-col {
    flex: 1 1 0;
    padding-left: 1rem;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 991.98px) {
  /* Mobile: stack the hero, then show the artwork clearly below the text */
  .hero-slide--full-banner > .hero-full-banner-stack {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
  }

  .hero-slide--full-banner > .hero-full-banner-stack > .hero-trust-pills-on-banner {
    order: 1;
    position: relative;
    padding: 1.25rem 0 0.25rem;
  }

  .hero-slide--full-banner > .hero-full-banner-stack > .hero-full-banner-overlay {
    order: 2;
    padding: 0.5rem 0 1rem;
    align-items: flex-start;
  }

  .hero-full-banner-overlay .hero-content {
    max-width: 100%;
  }

  .hero-slide--full-banner > .hero-full-banner-stack > .hero-full-banner-img {
    order: 3;
    display: block;
    width: 100%;
    aspect-ratio: 5 / 4;
    object-fit: cover;
    object-position: 100% center;
    border-radius: 14px;
    background: linear-gradient(180deg, #f4f8fd 0%, #eaf1fb 100%);
  }

  .hero-full-banner-overlay .hero-banner-main-row {
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: flex-start;
    gap: 1rem;
  }

  .hero-indexing-col {
    justify-content: flex-start;
    width: 100%;
  }

  .indexing-bar-section--inline-banner .indexing-bar-inner {
    justify-content: flex-start;
  }

  .indexing-bar-section--inline-banner .indexing-bar-label {
    text-align: left;
  }
}

.hero-section.hero-section--custom {
  background: #ffffff;
  color: var(--primary-navy);
  padding: 0;
}

.hero-section.hero-section--custom::before,
.hero-section.hero-section--custom::after,
.hero-section.hero-section--custom .container::before {
  display: none;
}

.hero-slide--light .hero-title {
  color: var(--primary-navy);
}

.hero-slide--light .hero-title .highlight {
  color: var(--accent-orange);
}

.hero-slide--light .hero-desc {
  color: #475569;
  opacity: 1;
}

.hero-slide--light .hero-badge {
  border-color: rgba(7, 28, 58, 0.14);
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.92);
  color: var(--primary-navy);
}

.hero-slide--light .btn-hero-secondary {
  color: var(--primary-navy);
  border-color: rgba(7, 28, 58, 0.35);
}

.hero-slide--light .btn-hero-secondary:hover {
  background: rgba(7, 28, 58, 0.06);
  color: var(--primary-navy);
  border-color: var(--primary-navy);
}

.hero-slide--custom:not(.hero-slide--full-banner) {
  padding: 2rem 0 2.5rem;
}

.hero-slide:not(.hero-slide--full-banner) > .container {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 2;
}

.hero-section > .container {
  position: relative;
}

.hero-section::before {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  background:
    url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/80/World_map_-_low_resolution.svg") center 55% / 85% auto no-repeat,
    radial-gradient(ellipse 70% 50% at 75% 45%, rgba(56, 120, 200, 0.18) 0%, transparent 55%);
  opacity: 0.14;
  pointer-events: none;
}

.hero-section::after {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  top: 0;
  right: 0;
  width: 55%;
  height: 100%;
  background:
    radial-gradient(circle at 80% 30%, rgba(197, 160, 89, 0.15) 0%, transparent 40%),
    radial-gradient(circle at 60% 70%, rgba(96, 165, 250, 0.1) 0%, transparent 35%);
  pointer-events: none;
}

.hero-section .container::before {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  width: 8px;
  height: 8px;
  background: var(--accent-orange);
  border-radius: 50%;
  top: 30%;
  right: 25%;
  box-shadow: 120px 80px 0 rgba(197, 160, 89, 0.4), 200px 40px 0 rgba(96, 165, 250, 0.3), 80px 150px 0 rgba(197, 160, 89, 0.25);
  opacity: 0.7;
  pointer-events: none;
  z-index: 1;
}

.hero-content {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 2;
}

.hero-badges {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 0.65rem;
  margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
}

.hero-badge {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.45rem;
  font-size: 0.65rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.1em;
  padding: 0.38rem 0.85rem;
  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.22);
  border-radius: 50px;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.05);
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.95);
}

.hero-badge .badge-dot {
  width: 7px;
  height: 7px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: var(--accent-orange);
  flex-shrink: 0;
  box-shadow: 0 0 8px rgba(197, 160, 89, 0.6);
}

.hero-title {
  font-size: clamp(1.85rem, 4.2vw, 3rem);
  font-weight: 800;
  line-height: 1.2;
  margin-bottom: 1.35rem;
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
}

.hero-title .highlight {
  color: var(--accent-orange);
}

.hero-desc {
  font-size: 1.05rem;
  line-height: 1.7;
  opacity: 0.92;
  max-width: 540px;
  margin-bottom: 2rem;
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.95);
}

.hero-buttons {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 1rem;
  margin-bottom: 0;
}

.hero-visual {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 2;
  min-height: 340px;
}

.hero-visual-link {
  display: block;
  text-decoration: none;
  color: inherit;
  transition: transform var(--transition), opacity var(--transition);
}

.hero-visual-link:hover {
  transform: translateY(-2px);
  opacity: 0.96;
}

.hero-banner-image-wrap {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: center;
  align-items: center;
  padding: 0.5rem 0;
}

.hero-banner-image {
  width: 100%;
  max-width: 520px;
  height: auto;
  border-radius: 12px;
  box-shadow: 0 24px 60px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.35);
  margin-left: auto;
  display: block;
}

.hero-mockup {
  position: relative;
  width: 100%;
  max-width: 480px;
  margin: 0 auto;
  height: 360px;
}

.hero-glow {
  position: absolute;
  width: 200px;
  height: 200px;
  background: radial-gradient(circle, rgba(197, 160, 89, 0.35) 0%, transparent 70%);
  top: 20%;
  right: 10%;
  border-radius: 50%;
  filter: blur(20px);
  animation: pulse-glow 4s ease-in-out infinite;
}

@keyframes pulse-glow {
  0%, 100% { opacity: 0.6; transform: scale(1); }
  50% { opacity: 1; transform: scale(1.1); }
}

.hero-books {
  position: absolute;
  left: 0;
  bottom: 40px;
  z-index: 2;
}

.book-cover {
  position: absolute;
  width: 90px;
  height: 120px;
  object-fit: cover;
  border-radius: 4px;
  box-shadow: 0 12px 30px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);
  border: 2px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2);
}

.book-1 { left: 0; bottom: 0; transform: rotate(-8deg); z-index: 1; }
.book-2 { left: 55px; bottom: 15px; transform: rotate(4deg); z-index: 2; width: 95px; height: 125px; }
.book-3 { left: 115px; bottom: 5px; transform: rotate(-4deg); z-index: 3; }

.hero-laptop {
  position: absolute;
  right: 0;
  bottom: 20px;
  z-index: 4;
  width: 280px;
}

.laptop-frame {
  background: #2a2a2a;
  border-radius: 10px 10px 0 0;
  padding: 10px 10px 6px;
  box-shadow: 0 20px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5);
}

.laptop-screen {
  background: linear-gradient(180deg, #1a3a6b 0%, #0d2240 100%);
  border-radius: 4px;
  padding: 12px;
  min-height: 155px;
}

.screen-top {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  margin-bottom: 8px;
}

.screen-stat-label {
  font-size: 0.55rem;
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.65);
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.04em;
}

.screen-stat-value {
  font-size: 1.1rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  color: #7dd3fc;
  line-height: 1.2;
}

.screen-charts-row {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 10px;
  margin-bottom: 8px;
}

.screen-pie {
  width: 42px;
  height: 42px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  flex-shrink: 0;
  background: conic-gradient(#38bdf8 0deg 120deg, #4ade80 120deg 220deg, var(--accent-orange) 220deg 360deg);
  box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 6px rgba(13, 34, 64, 0.9);
}

.screen-chart {
  display: flex;
  align-items: flex-end;
  gap: 5px;
  height: 48px;
  flex: 1;
}

.screen-chart span {
  flex: 1;
  background: var(--accent-orange);
  border-radius: 2px 2px 0 0;
  opacity: 0.85;
}

.screen-chart span:nth-child(1) { height: 40%; }
.screen-chart span:nth-child(2) { height: 70%; background: #4ade80; }
.screen-chart span:nth-child(3) { height: 55%; }
.screen-chart span:nth-child(4) { height: 90%; background: #60a5fa; }

.screen-line {
  height: 6px;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2);
  border-radius: 3px;
  margin-bottom: 6px;
}

.screen-line.short { width: 60%; }

.laptop-base {
  height: 12px;
  background: #3d3d3d;
  border-radius: 0 0 8px 8px;
  margin: 0 auto;
  width: 110%;
  margin-left: -5%;
}

.hero-stats {
  background: transparent;
  border-top: none;
  padding: 1.25rem 0 2.75rem;
  margin-top: 2.5rem;
  margin-bottom: 0;
  position: relative;
  z-index: 3;
}

.hero-stats-col {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 4;
  max-width: 100%;
}

.hero-stats-row {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: nowrap;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-evenly;
  width: 100%;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0.25rem 0;
}

.hero-stat-item {
  color: var(--white);
  flex: 1 1 0;
  min-width: 0;
  display: flex;
  justify-content: center;
  position: relative;
}

.hero-stat-item:not(:last-child)::after {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  right: 0;
  top: 50%;
  transform: translateY(-50%);
  width: 1px;
  height: 70%;
  max-height: 44px;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.18);
  pointer-events: none;
}

.stat-inner {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: flex-start;
  gap: 0.75rem;
  padding: 0 0.5rem;
  text-align: left;
}

.stat-icon {
  flex-shrink: 0;
  width: auto;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  font-size: 1.35rem;
  font-weight: 300;
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.95);
  line-height: 1;
}

.stat-text {
  min-width: 0;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: flex-start;
  justify-content: center;
  gap: 0.1rem;
}

.hero-stat-item .stat-number {
  font-size: 1.4rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  line-height: 1.15;
  display: block;
  color: #ffffff;
  margin: 0;
  white-space: nowrap;
}

.hero-stat-item .stat-label {
  font-size: 0.75rem;
  font-weight: 400;
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.88);
  display: block;
  line-height: 1.2;
  white-space: nowrap;
}

@media (min-width: 992px) {
  .hero-stats-col {
    padding-right: 0.5rem;
  }

  .hero-stats-col .hero-stats-row {
    justify-content: space-between;
    padding: 0.35rem 0;
  }

  .hero-stats-col .stat-inner {
    gap: 0.6rem;
    padding: 0 0.25rem;
  }

  .hero-stats-col .stat-icon {
    font-size: 1.2rem;
  }

  .hero-stats-col .hero-stat-item .stat-number {
    font-size: 1.3rem;
  }

  .hero-stats-col .hero-stat-item .stat-label {
    font-size: 0.68rem;
  }

  .hero-stats-col .hero-stat-item:not(:last-child)::after {
    max-height: 42px;
  }
}

/* ---- Hero search strip (below banner) ---- */
.hero-search-strip {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 5;
  padding: 0 0 1.5rem;
}

.hero-section:not(.hero-section--custom) .hero-search-strip {
  margin-top: -1.25rem;
}

.hero-section--custom .hero-search-strip {
  background: var(--light-bg);
  padding: 0.5rem 0 0.75rem;
  margin-top: 0;
}

.hero-search-strip > .container {
  max-width: var(--discovery-max);
}

.hero-search-card {
  background: var(--white);
  border-radius: 16px;
  box-shadow: 0 20px 60px rgba(7, 28, 58, 0.14), 0 4px 16px rgba(7, 28, 58, 0.06);
  padding: 1.75rem 1.5rem 2rem;
  border: 1px solid #eef2f7;
}

.hero-search-form {
  width: 100%;
}

.home-page .hero-section--custom .hero-search-card {
  padding: 1.5rem 1.5rem 1.65rem;
}

@media (min-width: 992px) {
  .home-page .hero-section--custom .hero-search-card {
    padding: 1.65rem 3rem 1.85rem;
  }
}

/* ---- Discover / Search Card ---- */
.search-section {
  background: transparent;
  padding: 1.25rem 0 2rem;
  position: relative;
  z-index: 4;
  margin-top: 0;
}

.search-section.section-pattern {
  background: var(--light-bg);
}

.search-section > .container {
  max-width: var(--discovery-max);
}

.discovery-card {
  background: var(--white);
  border-radius: 16px;
  box-shadow: 0 20px 60px rgba(7, 28, 58, 0.14), 0 4px 16px rgba(7, 28, 58, 0.06);
  padding: 1.75rem 1.5rem 2rem;
  max-width: 100%;
  margin: 0 auto;
  border: 1px solid #eef2f7;
  position: relative;
  z-index: 5;
}

.discover-title,
.search-by-heading {
  font-size: 1.25rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  color: var(--primary-navy);
  margin: 0 0 0.4rem;
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
  line-height: 1.3;
}

.discover-desc {
  font-size: 0.875rem;
  color: #64748b;
  margin-bottom: 1.25rem;
  line-height: 1.55;
}

.discover-col {
  padding-bottom: 0.25rem;
}

.searchby-col {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
}

@media (min-width: 992px) {
  .discovery-card {
    padding: 2rem 2.25rem 2.25rem;
  }

  .discovery-layout {
    align-items: flex-start;
  }

  .discover-col {
    padding-right: 2rem;
  }

  .searchby-col {
    border-left: 1px solid #e8ecf1;
    padding-left: 2rem !important;
  }

  .search-by-heading {
    margin-bottom: 1.15rem;
  }

  .search-by-row {
    flex-wrap: nowrap;
    gap: 0.5rem;
    align-items: flex-start;
    width: 100%;
  }

  .search-by-tile {
    flex: 1 1 0;
    min-width: 0;
    padding: 0.7rem 0.3rem 0.6rem;
  }

  .tile-label {
    font-size: 0.65rem;
  }

  .tile-icon {
    font-size: 1.2rem;
  }
}

.search-form-row {
  display: flex;
  align-items: stretch;
  background: var(--white);
  border: 1px solid #dce3ed;
  border-radius: 10px;
  overflow: hidden;
  box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(7, 28, 58, 0.04);
}

.search-field {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
}

.search-field-select {
  flex: 0 0 auto;
  border-left: 1px solid #e8ecf1;
  position: relative;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.35rem;
  padding-left: 0.5rem;
}

.select-filter-icon {
  color: #94a3b8;
  font-size: 0.75rem;
  padding-left: 0.35rem;
  flex-shrink: 0;
  pointer-events: none;
}

.search-field-select .form-select {
  padding-left: 0.25rem;
}

.search-field-input {
  flex: 1;
  min-width: 0;
}

.search-form-row .form-select,
.search-form-row .form-control {
  border: none;
  box-shadow: none;
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  color: var(--text-dark);
  background: transparent;
  height: 52px;
  padding: 0 1rem;
}

.search-form-row .form-select {
  min-width: 115px;
  max-width: 140px;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--primary-dark);
  cursor: pointer;
  padding-right: 1.75rem;
  background-position: right 0.5rem center;
  font-size: 0.85rem;
}

.search-form-row .form-control::placeholder {
  color: #94a3b8;
  font-weight: 400;
}

.search-form-row .form-control:focus,
.search-form-row .form-select:focus {
  outline: none;
  box-shadow: none;
}

.search-form-row:focus-within {
  border-color: var(--primary-blue);
  box-shadow: 0 0 0 3px rgba(13, 47, 94, 0.1);
}

.search-form-row .btn-search {
  flex-shrink: 0;
  background: var(--btn-bg);
  color: var(--btn-color);
  border: none;
  padding: 0 1.75rem;
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  border-radius: 0;
  min-height: 52px;
  transition: background var(--transition);
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.4rem;
}

.search-form-row .btn-search:hover {
  background: var(--btn-bg-hover);
  color: var(--btn-color);
}

.popular-searches {
  margin-top: 1.15rem;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: row;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.5rem 0.6rem;
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  width: 100%;
}

.popular-label {
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--primary-navy);
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  flex-shrink: 0;
  white-space: nowrap;
  margin-right: 0.15rem;
}

.popular-tags {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: flex-start;
  gap: 0.4rem 0.45rem;
  flex: 1 1 auto;
  min-width: 0;
  overflow: visible;
}

.popular-tags a {
  color: #475569;
  padding: 0.3rem 0.65rem;
  background: #f1f5f9;
  border-radius: 50px;
  border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
  font-size: 0.74rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  transition: all var(--transition);
  white-space: nowrap;
  line-height: 1.3;
}

@media (min-width: 992px) {
  .popular-searches {
    flex-wrap: nowrap;
    align-items: center;
  }

  .popular-tags {
    flex-wrap: nowrap;
    flex: 1 1 0;
    gap: 0.35rem;
  }

  .popular-tags a {
    font-size: 0.72rem;
    padding: 0.28rem 0.55rem;
  }
}

.popular-tags a:hover {
  background: #e8ecf1;
  border-color: #cbd5e1;
  color: var(--primary-dark);
}

/* Search By — tall category cards (mockup) */
.search-by-heading {
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.search-by-row {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: nowrap;
  gap: 0.5rem;
  justify-content: space-between;
  width: 100%;
}

.search-by-tile {
  flex: 1 1 0;
  min-width: 0;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  gap: 0.4rem;
  padding: 0.65rem 0.25rem 0.55rem;
  background: var(--white);
  border: 1px solid #dce3ed;
  border-radius: 8px;
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: border-color var(--transition), box-shadow var(--transition), transform var(--transition);
}

.search-by-tile:hover {
  border-color: #94a3b8;
  box-shadow: 0 4px 14px rgba(7, 28, 58, 0.08);
  transform: translateY(-2px);
}

.search-by-tile:hover .tile-icon {
  color: var(--primary-blue);
}

.tile-icon {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  font-size: 1.15rem;
  color: var(--primary-navy);
  line-height: 1;
  transition: color var(--transition);
}

.tile-label {
  font-size: 0.65rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--primary-navy);
  text-align: center;
  line-height: 1.25;
  flex-shrink: 0;
}

.discovery-count-tile {
  gap: 0.25rem;
  padding: 0.75rem 0.25rem 0.65rem;
}

.discovery-count-number {
  font-size: 1rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  color: var(--primary-dark);
  line-height: 1.1;
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
}

.discovery-count-tile:hover .discovery-count-number {
  color: var(--primary-blue);
}

@media (min-width: 992px) {
  .discovery-count-number {
    font-size: 1.05rem;
  }
}

.discovery-count-row--hero-stats {
  flex-wrap: nowrap;
  gap: 0.4rem;
}

.discovery-count-row--hero-stats .discovery-count-tile {
  flex: 1 1 0;
  min-width: 0;
  padding: 0.75rem 0.2rem 0.65rem;
}

.discovery-count-row--hero-stats .discovery-count-number {
  font-size: 0.82rem;
}

.discovery-count-row--hero-stats .tile-label {
  font-size: 0.5rem;
  line-height: 1.15;
}

@media (max-width: 767.98px) {
  .discovery-count-row--hero-stats {
    flex-wrap: wrap;
  }

  .discovery-count-row--hero-stats .discovery-count-tile {
    flex: 1 1 calc(50% - 0.2rem);
    min-width: calc(50% - 0.2rem);
  }
}

/* ---- Indexing Bar (home mockup) ---- */
.indexing-bar-section {
  background: linear-gradient(180deg, #0b1f3a 0%, #0c2340 100%);
  padding: 1.35rem 0;
  border-top: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.06);
  border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.06);
}

.indexing-bar-section--hero {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 4;
  background: var(--light-bg);
  padding: 0.9rem 0;
  margin: 0;
  border: none;
  border-top: 1px solid #e8edf3;
  border-bottom: 1px solid #e8edf3;
}

.indexing-bar-section--hero .indexing-bar-label {
  color: #64748b;
}

.indexing-bar-section--hero .indexing-bar-sub {
  color: #94a3b8;
}

.indexing-bar-section--hero .indexing-brand-base,
.indexing-bar-section--hero .indexing-brand-road,
.indexing-bar-section--hero .indexing-brand-dimensions,
.indexing-bar-section--hero .indexing-brand-generic {
  color: #123470;
}

.indexing-bar-section--hero .indexing-brand-scholar .scholar {
  color: #123470;
}

.indexing-bar-section--hero .indexing-bar-empty {
  color: #64748b;
}

.hero-section--custom .indexing-bar-section--hero {
  background: var(--light-bg);
}

.indexing-bar-section--on-banner {
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.94);
  backdrop-filter: blur(8px);
  -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(8px);
  padding: 0.5rem 0;
  border: none;
  border-top: 1px solid rgba(232, 237, 243, 0.92);
}

.indexing-bar-section--on-banner .indexing-bar-label {
  color: #64748b;
}

.indexing-bar-section--on-banner .indexing-bar-sub {
  color: #94a3b8;
}

.indexing-bar-section--on-banner .indexing-brand-base,
.indexing-bar-section--on-banner .indexing-brand-road,
.indexing-bar-section--on-banner .indexing-brand-dimensions,
.indexing-bar-section--on-banner .indexing-brand-generic {
  color: #123470;
}

.indexing-bar-section--on-banner .indexing-brand-scholar .scholar {
  color: #123470;
}

.indexing-bar-section--on-banner .indexing-bar-empty {
  color: #64748b;
}

.indexing-bar-section--on-banner .indexing-bar-logo {
  max-height: 34px;
  display: block;
}

.indexing-bar-section--above-footer {
  background: #fff;
  padding: 1rem 0;
  margin: 0;
  border: none;
  border-top: 1px solid #e8edf3;
  box-shadow: 0 -4px 18px rgba(12, 35, 64, 0.06);
}

.indexing-bar-section--above-footer .indexing-bar-label {
  color: #64748b;
}

.indexing-bar-section--above-footer .indexing-bar-sub {
  color: #94a3b8;
}

.indexing-bar-section--above-footer .indexing-brand-base,
.indexing-bar-section--above-footer .indexing-brand-road,
.indexing-bar-section--above-footer .indexing-brand-dimensions,
.indexing-bar-section--above-footer .indexing-brand-generic {
  color: #123470;
}

.indexing-bar-section--above-footer .indexing-brand-scholar .scholar {
  color: #123470;
}

.indexing-bar-section--above-footer .indexing-bar-empty {
  color: #64748b;
}

.indexing-bar-section--above-footer .indexing-bar-logo {
  max-height: 32px;
  display: block;
}

.indexing-bar-container {
  max-width: 100%;
}

.indexing-bar-inner {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: clamp(1rem, 3vw, 2.75rem);
}

.indexing-bar-label {
  flex: 0 0 auto;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  font-size: 0.62rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.16em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.48);
  line-height: 1.55;
  min-width: 108px;
}

.indexing-bar-partners {
  flex: 1 1 0;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: clamp(0.75rem, 2vw, 2rem);
  min-width: 0;
  overflow-x: auto;
  scrollbar-width: none;
  -webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch;
  padding: 0.15rem 0;
}

.indexing-bar-partners::-webkit-scrollbar {
  display: none;
}

.indexing-bar-item {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  gap: 0.4rem;
  text-decoration: none;
  flex: 1 1 0;
  min-width: 108px;
  padding: 0.2rem 0.45rem;
  transition: opacity var(--transition), transform var(--transition);
}

.indexing-bar-item:hover {
  opacity: 0.88;
  transform: translateY(-1px);
}

.indexing-bar-brand {
  display: block;
  line-height: 1.15;
  text-align: center;
  white-space: nowrap;
}

.indexing-bar-sub {
  display: block;
  font-size: 0.56rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: 0.1em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.42);
  text-align: center;
  line-height: 1.35;
  white-space: nowrap;
}

.indexing-brand-crossref {
  font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;
  font-style: italic;
  font-size: clamp(1.15rem, 1.8vw, 1.45rem);
  font-weight: 700;
  color: #f59e0b;
}

.indexing-brand-base,
.indexing-brand-road,
.indexing-brand-dimensions {
  font-size: clamp(1rem, 1.6vw, 1.25rem);
  font-weight: 800;
  color: #ffffff;
  letter-spacing: 0.04em;
}

.indexing-brand-base .base-arrow {
  font-weight: 900;
  margin-right: 0.12rem;
}

.indexing-brand-scholar {
  font-size: clamp(0.95rem, 1.5vw, 1.15rem);
  font-weight: 700;
}

.indexing-brand-scholar .g { color: #4285f4; }
.indexing-brand-scholar .o1 { color: #ea4335; }
.indexing-brand-scholar .o2 { color: #fbbc05; }
.indexing-brand-scholar .g2 { color: #4285f4; }
.indexing-brand-scholar .l { color: #34a853; }
.indexing-brand-scholar .e { color: #ea4335; }
.indexing-brand-scholar .scholar {
  color: #ffffff;
  font-weight: 700;
  margin-left: 0.2rem;
}

.indexing-brand-generic {
  color: #ffffff;
  font-size: clamp(0.9rem, 1.4vw, 1.05rem);
  font-weight: 700;
}

.indexing-bar-logo {
  max-height: 34px;
  width: auto;
  object-fit: contain;
}

.indexing-bar-empty {
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.55);
  font-size: 0.875rem;
}

@media (max-width: 991.98px) {
  .indexing-bar-inner {
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: flex-start;
    gap: 0.85rem;
  }

  .indexing-bar-partners {
    width: 100%;
    justify-content: flex-start;
  }

  .indexing-bar-item {
    flex: 0 0 auto;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 575.98px) {
  .indexing-bar-section {
    padding: 1rem 0;
  }

  .indexing-bar-sub {
    font-size: 0.5rem;
  }
}

/* ---- Partner Logos (scroll + arrows) ---- */
.partners-section {
  background: var(--white);
  padding: 1.5rem 0;
  overflow: visible;
}

.partners-container {
  max-width: 100%;
}

.partners-box {
  background: var(--white);
  border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
  border-radius: 12px;
  padding: 0.75rem 0;
  box-shadow: 0 2px 12px rgba(7, 28, 58, 0.04);
  overflow: visible;
}

.partners-carousel-wrap {
  position: relative;
  padding: 0.35rem 42px 0.5rem;
  overflow: visible;
  width: 100%;
}

.partners-track {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: clamp(0.75rem, 2vw, 1.75rem);
  width: 100%;
  min-width: 0;
  overflow-x: auto;
  overflow-y: visible;
  scroll-behavior: smooth;
  scrollbar-width: none;
  -webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch;
  padding: 0.35rem 0.15rem 0.5rem;
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

.partners-track::-webkit-scrollbar {
  display: none;
}

.partner-item {
  flex: 1 1 0;
  min-width: 0;
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  gap: 0.5rem;
  min-height: 52px;
  padding: 0.35rem 0.5rem;
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: opacity var(--transition), transform var(--transition);
  white-space: nowrap;
}

.partner-item:hover {
  opacity: 0.85;
  transform: translateY(-1px);
}

.brand-doaj,
.brand-road {
  flex: 1 1 0;
  min-width: 88px;
}

.brand-scholar {
  flex: 1.15 1 0;
  min-width: 110px;
}

.partner-logo-mark {
  font-size: 1.15rem;
  line-height: 1;
  flex-shrink: 0;
}

.partner-brand-text {
  font-size: 1rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  line-height: 1.2;
  color: #334155;
}

.partner-brand-sub {
  display: block;
  font-size: 0.48rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: 0.02em;
  line-height: 1.2;
  max-width: 110px;
  white-space: normal;
  text-align: center;
  color: #64748b;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.brand-crossref .partner-logo-mark {
  color: #f59e0b;
}

.brand-crossref .partner-brand-text {
  color: #5c6bc0;
  font-weight: 800;
}

.brand-doaj {
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 0.15rem;
  padding: 0.25rem 0.5rem;
}

.brand-doaj .partner-brand-main {
  color: #e65100;
  font-size: 1.15rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: 0.02em;
}

.brand-scholar .partner-brand-text {
  font-weight: 500;
  font-size: 1.05rem;
}

.brand-scholar .g { color: #4285f4; font-weight: 700; }
.brand-scholar .o1 { color: #ea4335; font-weight: 700; }
.brand-scholar .o2 { color: #fbbc05; font-weight: 700; }
.brand-scholar .g2 { color: #4285f4; font-weight: 700; }
.brand-scholar .l { color: #34a853; font-weight: 700; }
.brand-scholar .e { color: #ea4335; font-weight: 700; }
.brand-scholar .scholar { color: #5f6368; font-weight: 400; margin-left: 0.15rem; }

.brand-dimensions .dimensions-icon {
  width: 22px;
  height: 22px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: conic-gradient(#22c55e, #3b82f6, #a855f7, #ef4444, #22c55e);
}

.brand-dimensions .partner-brand-text {
  color: #1e293b;
  font-weight: 600;
}

.brand-road {
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 0.15rem;
  padding: 0.25rem 0.5rem;
}

.brand-road .partner-brand-main {
  color: #c62828;
  font-size: 1.1rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: 0.04em;
}

.brand-road .road-o {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  width: 1.1em;
  height: 1.1em;
  border: 2px solid #c62828;
  border-radius: 50%;
  font-size: 0.75em;
  line-height: 1;
}

.brand-worldcat .worldcat-icon {
  width: 24px;
  height: 24px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #f97316, #2563eb, #7c3aed);
}

.brand-worldcat .partner-brand-text {
  color: #1565c0;
  font-weight: 700;
}

.brand-openaire .partner-logo-mark {
  color: #1565c0;
  font-size: 1.25rem;
}

.brand-openaire .partner-brand-text {
  color: #1565c0;
  font-weight: 700;
}

.brand-base .partner-brand-main {
  color: #ff6f00;
  font-size: 1.2rem;
  font-weight: 800;
}

.brand-base .base-arrow {
  font-weight: 900;
  margin-right: 0.1rem;
}

.partners-prev,
.partners-next {
  width: 38px;
  height: 38px;
  font-size: 0.8rem;
  z-index: 3;
  cursor: pointer;
}

.partners-prev { left: 0; }

.partners-next { right: 0; }

.partners-carousel-wrap .carousel-nav:hover {
  background: var(--white);
  color: var(--primary-dark);
  border-color: #c5cdd8;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-md);
}

.partners-carousel-wrap .carousel-nav i {
  pointer-events: none;
}

@media (min-width: 1200px) {
  .partners-track {
    overflow-x: hidden;
    justify-content: space-between;
  }

  .partner-item {
    flex: 1 1 0;
    max-width: none;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 1199.98px) {
  .partners-track {
    justify-content: flex-start;
  }

  .partner-item {
    flex: 0 0 auto;
    min-width: auto;
  }

  .brand-doaj,
  .brand-road,
  .brand-scholar {
    flex: 0 0 auto;
    min-width: auto;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 767.98px) {
  .partners-carousel-wrap {
    padding-left: 38px;
    padding-right: 38px;
  }

  .partners-track {
    gap: 1.25rem;
    justify-content: flex-start;
  }

  .partner-brand-text {
    font-size: 0.9rem;
  }

  .partners-prev,
  .partners-next {
    width: 34px;
    height: 34px;
  }
}

/* ---- Section Common ---- */
.section-title {
  font-size: clamp(1.45rem, 3vw, 2rem);
  font-weight: 800;
  color: var(--primary-dark);
  margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
}

.section-title.title-accent {
  padding-bottom: 0.65rem;
  border-bottom: 3px solid var(--accent-gold);
  display: inline-block;
  margin-bottom: 1.15rem;
  line-height: 1.25;
}

.text-center > .section-title.title-accent,
.section-title.title-accent.text-center {
  margin-left: auto;
  margin-right: auto;
}

.section-subtitle {
  color: var(--text-muted);
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.section-header-flex {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: nowrap;
  justify-content: space-between;
  align-items: flex-end;
  margin-bottom: 1.15rem;
  gap: 1rem;
  width: 100%;
}

.section-header-flex .section-title.title-accent {
  margin-bottom: 0;
  flex: 0 1 auto;
  min-width: 0;
  white-space: nowrap;
  overflow: hidden;
  text-overflow: ellipsis;
  font-size: clamp(1.1rem, 1.8vw, 1.35rem);
  display: inline-block;
}

.section-head-bar {
  margin-bottom: 1.15rem;
}

.section-head-bar .section-title.title-accent {
  margin-bottom: 0;
  font-size: clamp(1.1rem, 1.8vw, 1.35rem);
}

.view-all-link {
  color: var(--accent-orange);
  font-weight: 600;
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  flex-shrink: 0;
  white-space: nowrap;
  line-height: 1.25;
  padding-bottom: 0.65rem;
  align-self: flex-end;
  text-decoration: underline;
  text-decoration-color: var(--accent-orange);
  text-underline-offset: 0.2em;
}

.section-head-bar.text-center {
  text-align: center;
}

.section-head-bar.text-center .section-title.title-accent {
  margin-left: auto;
  margin-right: auto;
}

.view-all-link:hover {
  color: var(--accent-orange-hover);
  text-decoration-color: var(--accent-orange-hover);
}

/* ---- About Section (2-column equal split) ---- */
.about-section {
  background: var(--white);
}

.home-page .home-about-section {
  padding: 1rem 0 0.5rem;
}

.home-page .hero-search-strip + .home-about-section,
.home-page .hero-section--custom + .home-about-section {
  padding-top: 1rem;
}

.home-page .home-subjects-section {
  padding: 0.5rem 0 2rem;
}

.home-page .about-grid--home {
  align-items: flex-start;
}

.home-page .about-grid--home > [class*="col-"] {
  align-self: flex-start;
}

.home-page .about-grid--home .about-features-panel {
  height: auto;
  padding: 0.9rem 0.85rem 0.75rem;
  gap: 0.75rem;
}

.home-page .about-col-text .about-main-title.title-accent {
  margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}

.home-page .about-col-features .about-features-row--home {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(5, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 0.5rem 0.25rem;
  padding-top: 0.75rem;
  flex-wrap: nowrap;
}

.home-page .about-col-features .about-features-row--home .about-feature-card {
  min-width: 0;
}

@media (max-width: 991.98px) {
  .home-page .about-col-features .about-features-row--home {
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: nowrap;
    overflow-x: auto;
    gap: 0.5rem;
    scrollbar-width: none;
    -webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch;
  }

  .home-page .about-col-features .about-features-row--home .about-feature-card {
    flex: 0 0 auto;
    min-width: 88px;
  }

  .home-page .about-col-features .about-features-row--home::-webkit-scrollbar {
    display: none;
  }
}

.home-page .subjects-section.section-padding {
  padding-top: 1.25rem;
}

.about-stats-row {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr);
  gap: 0.75rem;
  margin-bottom: 2rem;
}

.about-col-features .about-stats-row {
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 0.6rem;
  margin-bottom: 0;
  width: 100%;
}

.about-col-features .about-stat-card {
  min-height: 96px;
  padding: 0.85rem 0.45rem 0.75rem;
}

.about-col-features .about-stat-icon {
  font-size: 1.15rem;
}

.about-col-features .about-stat-number {
  font-size: clamp(0.88rem, 1.3vw, 1.1rem);
}

.about-col-features .about-stat-label {
  font-size: 0.62rem;
  line-height: 1.35;
  white-space: normal;
  word-break: break-word;
  hyphens: auto;
  max-width: 100%;
}

.about-stat-card {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  gap: 0.4rem;
  padding: 1.15rem 0.75rem 1rem;
  background: var(--white);
  border: 1px solid #dce3ed;
  border-radius: 8px;
  text-align: center;
  min-height: 118px;
}

.about-stat-icon {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  font-size: 1.35rem;
  color: var(--primary-navy);
  line-height: 1;
}

.about-stat-number {
  font-size: clamp(1.05rem, 1.8vw, 1.4rem);
  font-weight: 800;
  color: var(--primary-dark);
  line-height: 1.1;
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
}

.about-stat-label {
  font-size: 0.72rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--primary-navy);
  line-height: 1.25;
}

@media (min-width: 992px) {
  .about-col-features .about-stats-row {
    margin-bottom: 0;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 991.98px) {
  .about-stats-row {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
    gap: 0.65rem;
    margin-bottom: 1.25rem;
  }

  .about-stat-card {
    min-height: 108px;
    padding: 1rem 0.5rem 0.9rem;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 575.98px) {
  .about-stats-row {
    gap: 0.5rem;
  }

  .about-stat-number {
    font-size: 1rem;
  }

  .about-stat-label {
    font-size: 0.65rem;
  }
}

.about-grid {
  align-items: stretch;
}

.about-grid > [class*="col-"] {
  align-self: stretch;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  min-width: 0;
}

.about-features-panel {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 1rem;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  padding: 1.15rem;
  background: #f8fafc;
  border: 1px solid #e8edf3;
  border-radius: 12px;
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

.about-col-content {
  padding: 0;
}

.about-content-row {
  align-items: flex-start;
}

.about-content-row > [class*="col-"] {
  align-self: flex-start;
}

.about-col-image {
  text-align: left;
}

.about-image-wrap {
  border-radius: 8px;
  overflow: hidden;
  box-shadow: 0 8px 28px rgba(7, 28, 58, 0.1);
  margin-bottom: 0;
  aspect-ratio: 1 / 1;
  max-height: 260px;
}

.about-image-wrap img {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  object-fit: cover;
  display: block;
}

.btn-about-outline {
  display: inline-block;
  width: 100%;
  text-align: center;
  background: var(--white);
  color: var(--btn-bg);
  border: 1px solid var(--btn-bg);
  font-weight: 600;
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  padding: 0.6rem 1rem;
  border-radius: 6px;
  transition: all var(--transition);
}

.btn-about-outline:hover {
  background: var(--btn-bg);
  color: var(--btn-color);
  border-color: var(--btn-bg);
}

.about-col-text {
  padding: 0 1.5rem 0 0.5rem;
  justify-content: flex-start;
}

.about-col-text .about-main-title.title-accent {
  margin-top: 0;
  margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
  padding-top: 0;
}

.about-main-title {
  margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
  font-size: clamp(1.1rem, 1.8vw, 1.35rem);
}

.about-desc {
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  color: #5c6b7f;
  line-height: 1.75;
  margin: 0;
  text-align: justify;
}

.about-desc--dynamic {
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  color: #5c6b7f;
  line-height: 1.75;
  text-align: justify;
}

.about-desc--dynamic p {
  display: inline;
  margin: 0;
}

.about-desc--dynamic p + p {
  display: block;
  margin-top: 0.75rem;
}

.about-desc--dynamic > *:last-child {
  display: inline;
}

.about-read-more {
  display: inline;
  margin: 0 0 0 0.35rem;
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--accent-orange);
  text-decoration: underline;
  text-decoration-color: var(--accent-orange);
  text-underline-offset: 0.2em;
  white-space: nowrap;
  transition: color var(--transition);
}

.about-read-more:hover {
  color: var(--primary-blue);
  text-decoration-color: var(--primary-blue);
}

.about-col-features {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: stretch;
  justify-content: flex-start;
  gap: 0;
  padding: 0 0.25rem 0 1rem;
  margin: 0;
  height: 100%;
  border-left: none;
  overflow: visible;
}

.about-col-features .about-features-row {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 0.85rem 0.5rem;
  width: 100%;
  padding-top: 0.85rem;
  border-top: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
}

.about-col-features .about-feature-card {
  flex: none;
  min-width: 0;
  padding: 0.35rem 0.25rem;
}

.about-col-features .about-feature-card::after {
  display: none;
}

.about-col-features .about-feature-card h6 {
  font-size: 0.68rem;
  line-height: 1.25;
  white-space: normal;
}

.about-col-features .about-feature-card p {
  font-size: 0.58rem;
  line-height: 1.3;
  white-space: normal;
}

.about-features-row {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: nowrap;
  align-items: flex-start;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 0;
  width: 100%;
}

.about-feature-card {
  flex: 1 1 0;
  min-width: 0;
  text-align: center;
  padding: 0 0.35rem;
  position: relative;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: flex-start;
}

.about-feature-card:not(:last-child)::after {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  right: 0;
  top: 50%;
  transform: translateY(-50%);
  height: 78%;
  max-height: 80px;
  width: 1px;
  background: #e2e8f0;
}

.about-feature-icon {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  font-size: 1.45rem;
  font-weight: 300;
  color: #4a7ec4;
  margin: 0 auto 0.65rem;
  line-height: 1;
  min-height: 1.45rem;
}

.about-feature-card h6 {
  font-size: 0.72rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--primary-navy);
  margin: 0 0 0.28rem;
  line-height: 1.2;
}

.about-feature-card p {
  font-size: 0.62rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  color: #7b8a9a;
  margin: 0;
  line-height: 1.3;
}

@media (min-width: 992px) {
  .about-image-wrap {
    max-height: 280px;
  }

  .about-col-content {
    padding-left: 0.25rem;
  }

  .about-col-text {
    padding: 0 1.75rem 0 0;
  }

  .about-col-features {
    padding: 0 0 0 1.25rem;
    margin: 0;
  }

  .about-features-panel {
    padding: 1.25rem;
  }

  .about-feature-card {
    padding: 0.5rem 0.45rem;
  }

  .about-feature-icon {
    font-size: 1.55rem;
    margin-bottom: 0.7rem;
  }

  .about-feature-card h6 {
    font-size: 0.76rem;
  }

  .about-feature-card p {
    font-size: 0.65rem;
  }
}

@media (min-width: 1200px) {
  .about-image-wrap {
    max-height: 300px;
  }

  .about-main-title {
    font-size: 1.15rem;
  }

  .about-desc {
    font-size: 0.92rem;
  }

  .about-feature-icon {
    font-size: 1.65rem;
  }

  .about-feature-card h6 {
    font-size: 0.8rem;
  }

  .about-feature-card p {
    font-size: 0.68rem;
  }
}

/* ---- Subject Cards ---- */
.subjects-section {
  background: var(--white);
}

.subjects-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(8, 1fr);
  gap: 1rem;
}

.subject-card {
  background: var(--white);
  border-radius: var(--radius-md);
  padding: 1.25rem 0.75rem;
  text-align: center;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
  transition: all var(--transition);
  border: 1px solid var(--light-gray);
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  box-sizing: border-box;
  color: var(--text-dark);
  min-height: 150px;
  text-decoration: none;
}

.subject-card:hover {
  border-color: rgba(197, 160, 89, 0.35);
  transform: translateY(-3px);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-md);
}

.subject-card .subject-icon {
  width: auto;
  height: auto;
  border-radius: 0;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  margin: 0 auto 0.85rem;
  font-size: 1.85rem;
  background: transparent;
  color: inherit;
}

.subject-card h6 {
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--primary-dark);
  margin-bottom: 0.35rem;
  line-height: 1.35;
  min-height: 2.6em;
  max-height: 2.6em;
  overflow: hidden;
  display: -webkit-box;
  -webkit-line-clamp: 2;
  -webkit-box-orient: vertical;
  width: 100%;
}

.subject-card span {
  font-size: 0.7rem;
  color: var(--text-muted);
  white-space: nowrap;
}

.icon-medical { color: #3b82f6; }
.icon-life { color: #10b981; }
.icon-engineering { color: #f59e0b; }
.icon-pharma { color: #8b5cf6; }
.icon-environment { color: #22c55e; }
.icon-social { color: #ec4899; }
.icon-business { color: #6366f1; }
.icon-physical { color: #0ea5e9; }

.bg-medical { background: #3b82f6; }
.bg-life { background: #10b981; }
.bg-engineering { background: #8b5cf6; }
.bg-math { background: #f59e0b; }
.bg-environment { background: #ef4444; }
.bg-computer { background: #06b6d4; }
.bg-social { background: #ec4899; }
.bg-business { background: #6366f1; }

/* ---- Subjects carousel (journals page) ---- */
.journals-subject-header-wrap {
  margin-bottom: 1.35rem;
}

.journals-subject-title-row.home-section-header {
  margin-bottom: 0;
}

.journals-subject-lead {
  margin-top: 0.55rem;
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  color: var(--text-muted);
}

.subjects-carousel-shell {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.85rem;
  width: 100%;
}

.subjects-carousel-viewport {
  flex: 1 1 auto;
  min-width: 0;
  overflow-x: auto;
  overflow-y: hidden;
  scroll-behavior: smooth;
  scrollbar-width: none;
  -webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch;
  scroll-snap-type: x mandatory;
  container-type: inline-size;
  container-name: subjects-carousel;
}

.subjects-carousel-viewport::-webkit-scrollbar {
  display: none;
}

.subjects-carousel-shell .subjects-nav {
  position: static;
  top: auto;
  left: auto;
  right: auto;
  transform: none;
  flex: 0 0 40px;
  width: 40px;
  height: 40px;
  margin: 0;
  background: #fff;
  border: 1px solid #d5dde8;
  box-shadow: 0 2px 12px rgba(7, 28, 58, 0.1);
}

.subjects-carousel-wrap {
  position: relative;
  padding: 0.25rem 56px 0.35rem;
  margin-top: 0;
  overflow: hidden;
  width: 100%;
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

.subjects-carousel-wrap .carousel-nav {
  top: 50%;
  transform: translateY(-50%);
  width: 40px;
  height: 40px;
  z-index: 4;
  background: #fff;
  border: 1px solid #d5dde8;
  box-shadow: 0 2px 12px rgba(7, 28, 58, 0.1);
}

.subjects-track {
  display: flex;
  gap: var(--subject-gap, 1rem);
  width: max-content;
  min-width: 100%;
  padding: 0.35rem 0 0.85rem;
  box-sizing: border-box;
  --subject-gap: 1rem;
  --subject-cols: 4;
}

.subjects-carousel-viewport .subjects-track .subject-card {
  flex: 0 0 180px;
  width: 180px;
  min-width: 180px;
  max-width: 180px;
}

@supports (width: 100cqw) {
  .subjects-carousel-viewport .subjects-track .subject-card {
    flex: 0 0 calc((100cqw - (var(--subject-cols) - 1) * var(--subject-gap)) / var(--subject-cols));
    width: calc((100cqw - (var(--subject-cols) - 1) * var(--subject-gap)) / var(--subject-cols));
    min-width: calc((100cqw - (var(--subject-cols) - 1) * var(--subject-gap)) / var(--subject-cols));
    max-width: calc((100cqw - (var(--subject-cols) - 1) * var(--subject-gap)) / var(--subject-cols));
  }
}

.subjects-track::-webkit-scrollbar {
  display: none;
}

.subjects-track .subject-card {
  min-height: 190px;
  scroll-snap-align: start;
  scroll-snap-stop: always;
}

.subjects-track .subject-card .subject-icon {
  width: 52px;
  height: 52px;
  border-radius: 12px;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  margin: 0 auto 0.85rem;
  font-size: 1.35rem;
  color: #fff;
  flex-shrink: 0;
}

.subjects-track .subject-card .subject-icon.bg-medical { background: #3b82f6; }
.subjects-track .subject-card .subject-icon.bg-life { background: #10b981; }
.subjects-track .subject-card .subject-icon.bg-engineering { background: #8b5cf6; }
.subjects-track .subject-card .subject-icon.bg-math { background: #f59e0b; }
.subjects-track .subject-card .subject-icon.bg-environment { background: #ef4444; }
.subjects-track .subject-card .subject-icon.bg-computer { background: #06b6d4; }
.subjects-track .subject-card .subject-icon.bg-social { background: #ec4899; }
.subjects-track .subject-card .subject-icon.bg-business { background: #6366f1; }

.subjects-prev {
  left: 6px;
}

.subjects-next {
  right: 6px;
}

.subjects-carousel-shell .subjects-prev,
.subjects-carousel-shell .subjects-next {
  left: auto;
  right: auto;
}

.subject-card-logo {
  min-height: 190px;
  padding: 1rem 0.75rem 0.9rem;
}

.subject-logo-wrap {
  width: 100%;
  min-height: 82px;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  margin-bottom: 0.65rem;
}

.subject-logo-img {
  width: 68%;
  max-width: 96px;
  height: auto;
  object-fit: contain;
  display: block;
}

.subject-hero-logo-wrap {
  width: 72px;
  height: 72px;
  border-radius: 14px;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.92);
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  padding: 0.45rem;
  box-shadow: 0 4px 14px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);
}

.subject-hero-logo {
  width: 100%;
  height: auto;
  object-fit: contain;
  display: block;
}

/* ---- Journals by Subject (disciplines grid page) ---- */
.journals-disciplines-section {
  padding-top: 2.75rem;
  padding-bottom: 2.75rem;
}

.journals-disciplines-section .section-header-flex {
  margin-bottom: 2rem;
}

.subjects-disciplines-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(4, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 1.25rem;
}

.subjects-disciplines-grid .subject-card {
  min-height: 168px;
  padding: 1.35rem 1rem 1.25rem;
  border-radius: var(--radius-md);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
}

.subjects-disciplines-grid .subject-card:hover {
  border-color: rgba(197, 160, 89, 0.4);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-md);
}

.subjects-disciplines-grid .subject-card .subject-icon {
  width: 52px;
  height: 52px;
  border-radius: 12px;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  margin: 0 auto 0.9rem;
  font-size: 1.35rem;
  color: #fff;
  flex-shrink: 0;
}

.subjects-disciplines-grid .subject-card .subject-icon.bg-medical { background: #3b82f6; }
.subjects-disciplines-grid .subject-card .subject-icon.bg-life { background: #10b981; }
.subjects-disciplines-grid .subject-card .subject-icon.bg-engineering { background: #8b5cf6; }
.subjects-disciplines-grid .subject-card .subject-icon.bg-math { background: #f59e0b; }
.subjects-disciplines-grid .subject-card .subject-icon.bg-environment { background: #ef4444; }
.subjects-disciplines-grid .subject-card .subject-icon.bg-computer { background: #06b6d4; }
.subjects-disciplines-grid .subject-card .subject-icon.bg-social { background: #ec4899; }
.subjects-disciplines-grid .subject-card .subject-icon.bg-business { background: #6366f1; }

.subjects-disciplines-grid .subject-card h6 {
  font-size: 0.82rem;
  margin-bottom: 0;
  min-height: 2.6em;
}

.subjects-disciplines-grid .subject-card-logo {
  min-height: 168px;
}

.subjects-disciplines-grid .subject-logo-wrap {
  min-height: 72px;
  margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
}

.subjects-disciplines-empty {
  grid-column: 1 / -1;
  text-align: center;
  padding: 3rem 1.5rem;
  border: 1px dashed var(--light-gray);
  border-radius: var(--radius-md);
  background: #fafbfd;
}

.subjects-disciplines-empty i {
  font-size: 2rem;
  color: var(--accent-orange);
  margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
}

.subjects-disciplines-empty p {
  color: var(--text-muted);
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

@media (max-width: 1199.98px) {
  .subjects-disciplines-grid {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
  }
}

@media (max-width: 991.98px) {
  .subjects-disciplines-grid {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
    gap: 1rem;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 575.98px) {
  .subjects-disciplines-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .journals-disciplines-section .section-header-flex {
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    align-items: flex-start;
  }
}

/* ---- Process + Articles + Updates (one row — image layout) ---- */
.process-articles-updates-section {
  background: var(--white);
}

.process-articles-updates-section.section-padding {
  padding-bottom: 1rem;
}

.process-block {
  background: var(--white);
}

.home-main-col {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 1.75rem;
}

.home-updates-col {
  display: flex;
}

.process-block .section-title,
.articles-block .section-title,
.updates-sidebar .section-title {
  font-size: clamp(1.1rem, 1.8vw, 1.35rem);
}

.updates-sidebar .section-title.title-accent {
  margin-bottom: 1rem !important;
}

.articles-block .section-header-flex {
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.process-articles-updates-section .process-timeline {
  margin-top: 0.15rem;
  padding-top: 0.5rem;
}

.process-articles-updates-section .process-step .step-circle {
  width: 46px;
  height: 46px;
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  margin-bottom: 0.55rem;
  background: #f8fafc;
  border: 1.5px solid #d1d9e6;
  box-shadow: none;
}

.process-articles-updates-section .process-timeline::before {
  top: 27px;
  left: 3%;
  right: 3%;
  border-top-width: 1.5px;
  border-top-style: dashed;
}

.process-articles-updates-section .process-step h6 {
  font-size: 0.62rem;
}

.process-articles-updates-section .process-step h6 .step-num {
  color: var(--primary-dark);
}

.process-articles-updates-section .process-step p {
  font-size: 0.55rem;
  line-height: 1.3;
}

.process-articles-updates-section .articles-grid {
  grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr);
  gap: 0.65rem;
}

.process-articles-updates-section .articles-grid--lpa {
  gap: 0.75rem;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr);
}

.process-articles-updates-section .article-card--lpa .article-card-body {
  padding: 0.7rem 0.75rem 0.55rem;
}

.process-articles-updates-section .article-card--lpa .article-card-body h6 {
  font-size: 0.7rem;
  min-height: 2.8em;
}

.process-articles-updates-section .article-card--lpa .article-card-body .authors {
  font-size: 0.58rem;
}

.process-articles-updates-section .article-card--lpa .article-card-footer {
  font-size: 0.52rem;
  gap: 0.25rem;
  padding: 0.55rem 0.6rem 0.65rem;
  flex-wrap: nowrap;
  white-space: nowrap;
  justify-content: space-between;
}

.process-articles-updates-section .article-card--lpa .article-action-view,
.process-articles-updates-section .article-card--lpa .article-action-pdf,
.process-articles-updates-section .article-card--lpa .article-action-divider {
  font-size: inherit;
}

.updates-sidebar {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  background: var(--white);
  border: 1px solid var(--light-gray);
  border-radius: var(--radius-md);
  padding: 1.15rem 1rem;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
}

.updates-sidebar .update-item {
  margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
  padding-bottom: 0.75rem;
}

.updates-sidebar .update-content p {
  font-size: 0.66rem;
  display: -webkit-box;
  -webkit-line-clamp: 1;
  -webkit-box-orient: vertical;
  overflow: hidden;
}

.updates-sidebar .btn-outline-updates {
  margin-top: auto;
}

.btn-outline-updates {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  text-align: center;
  padding: 0.5rem 1rem;
  font-size: 0.8rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--btn-bg);
  background: var(--white);
  border: 1.5px solid var(--btn-bg);
  border-radius: 6px;
  transition: all var(--transition);
}

.btn-outline-updates:hover {
  background: var(--btn-bg);
  color: var(--btn-color);
  border-color: var(--btn-bg);
}

@media (min-width: 992px) {
  .process-articles-updates-section .process-timeline {
    flex-wrap: nowrap;
  }

  .process-articles-updates-section .articles-grid,
  .process-articles-updates-section .articles-grid--lpa {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr);
  }
}

.journals-section {
  background: var(--white);
  overflow: visible;
}

.journals-container,
.section-fluid-wrap {
  max-width: 100%;
  margin-left: 20px;
  margin-right: 20px;
}

.subjects-section .home-section-header,
.journals-section .home-section-header {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: nowrap;
  justify-content: space-between;
  align-items: flex-end;
  margin-bottom: 1.15rem;
  gap: 1rem;
  width: 100%;
}

.subjects-section .home-section-header .section-title.title-accent,
.journals-section .home-section-header .section-title.title-accent {
  margin-bottom: 0;
  flex: 0 1 auto;
  min-width: 0;
  white-space: nowrap;
  overflow: hidden;
  text-overflow: ellipsis;
  font-size: clamp(1.1rem, 1.8vw, 1.35rem);
  display: inline-block;
  padding-bottom: 0.65rem;
  border-bottom: 3px solid var(--accent-gold);
}

.subjects-section .home-section-header .view-all-link,
.journals-section .home-section-header .view-all-link {
  padding-bottom: 0.65rem;
  align-self: flex-end;
}

.process-block .section-title.title-accent {
  white-space: nowrap;
}

/* ---- Shared horizontal carousel ---- */
.journals-carousel-wrap {
  position: relative;
  padding: 0.35rem 42px 0.5rem;
  overflow: visible;
}

.journals-track {
  display: flex;
  gap: 0.85rem;
  overflow-x: auto;
  overflow-y: visible;
  scroll-behavior: smooth;
  scrollbar-width: none;
  -webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch;
  padding: 0.35rem 0.15rem 0.75rem;
}

.journals-track::-webkit-scrollbar {
  display: none;
}

.carousel-nav {
  position: absolute;
  top: 50%;
  transform: translateY(-50%);
  width: 38px;
  height: 38px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  border: 1px solid var(--light-gray);
  background: var(--white);
  color: var(--text-muted);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
  z-index: 3;
  transition: all var(--transition);
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  font-size: 0.8rem;
  cursor: pointer;
}

.carousel-nav:hover {
  background: var(--white);
  color: var(--primary-dark);
  border-color: #c5cdd8;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-md);
}

.journals-prev { left: 0; }

.journals-next { right: 0; }

/* ---- Journal Cards ---- */
.journal-card {
  background: var(--white);
  border-radius: 8px;
  overflow: hidden;
  box-shadow: 0 2px 14px rgba(12, 35, 64, 0.08);
  transition: box-shadow var(--transition), transform var(--transition);
  flex: 0 0 calc((100% - 5 * 0.85rem) / 6);
  min-width: 0;
  width: calc((100% - 5 * 0.85rem) / 6);
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  border: 1px solid var(--light-gray);
}

.journal-card:hover {
  box-shadow: 0 6px 22px rgba(12, 35, 64, 0.12);
  transform: translateY(-3px);
}

.journal-card-img {
  overflow: hidden;
  line-height: 0;
  background: #e8ecf1;
}

.journal-card img {
  height: 130px;
  object-fit: cover;
  width: 100%;
  display: block;
}

.journal-card-body {
  padding: 0.85rem 0.9rem 1rem;
  flex: 1;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
}

.journal-card-body h6 {
  font-size: 0.84rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--primary-dark);
  margin-bottom: 0.25rem;
  line-height: 1.35;
}

.journal-card-body .issn {
  font-size: 0.7rem;
  color: var(--text-muted);
  margin-bottom: 0.9rem;
}

.journal-card-body .btn {
  margin-top: auto;
  width: 100%;
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  padding: 0.5rem 0.75rem;
  border-radius: 6px;
}

@media (min-width: 1200px) {
  .journals-track {
    overflow-x: hidden;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 1199.98px) {
  .journal-card {
    flex: 0 0 calc((100% - 3 * 0.85rem) / 4);
    width: calc((100% - 3 * 0.85rem) / 4);
  }
}

@media (max-width: 991.98px) {
  .journal-card {
    flex: 0 0 calc((100% - 2 * 0.85rem) / 3);
    width: calc((100% - 2 * 0.85rem) / 3);
  }

  .subjects-carousel-viewport .subjects-track {
    --subject-cols: 3;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 767.98px) {
  .journals-carousel-wrap {
    padding-left: 38px;
    padding-right: 38px;
  }

  .journal-card {
    flex: 0 0 calc((100% - 0.85rem) / 2);
    width: calc((100% - 0.85rem) / 2);
  }
}

@media (max-width: 575.98px) {
  .journal-card {
    flex: 0 0 78%;
    width: 78%;
  }

  .journal-card img {
    height: 120px;
  }
}

/* ---- Why Publish Section (full-width one row) ---- */
.why-publish-section {
  background: var(--primary-navy);
  color: var(--white);
  width: 100%;
  padding: 1rem 0;
}

.why-publish-container {
  max-width: 100%;
}

.why-publish-titles-row {
  display: flex;
  align-items: flex-end;
  gap: 0;
  margin-bottom: 1.35rem;
  padding-bottom: 0;
  border-bottom: none;
}

.why-publish-title-col {
  flex: 0 0 58.333333%;
  max-width: 58.333333%;
  padding-right: 1.5rem;
}

.impact-title-col {
  flex: 0 0 41.666667%;
  max-width: 41.666667%;
  padding-left: 1.75rem;
  border-left: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15);
}

.why-publish-row {
  flex-wrap: nowrap;
  margin-left: 0;
  margin-right: 0;
}

.why-publish-col {
  min-width: 0;
  padding-right: 1.5rem;
}

.impact-col,
.why-publish-process-col {
  min-width: 0;
  padding-left: 1.75rem;
  border-left: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15);
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
}

.why-publish-title {
  color: var(--white);
  font-size: clamp(1.15rem, 2vw, 1.5rem);
  font-weight: 800;
  margin-bottom: 1.25rem;
  padding-bottom: 0;
  border-bottom: none;
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
}

.why-publish-titles-row .why-publish-title {
  margin-bottom: 0;
}

.why-features-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
  gap: 1.15rem 1.25rem;
}

.why-item {
  display: flex;
  gap: 0.65rem;
  align-items: flex-start;
}

.why-item-icon {
  width: 34px;
  height: 34px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.22);
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.06);
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  flex-shrink: 0;
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.95);
  font-size: 0.85rem;
}

.why-item-text {
  flex: 1;
  min-width: 0;
}

.why-item h6 {
  font-size: 0.82rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  margin-bottom: 0.18rem;
  color: var(--white);
  line-height: 1.3;
}

.why-item p {
  font-size: 0.7rem;
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.68);
  margin: 0;
  line-height: 1.4;
}

.impact-stats-row {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr);
  gap: 0.65rem;
  flex: 1;
}

.impact-stat-card {
  background: transparent;
  border-radius: 6px;
  padding: 0.85rem 0.4rem;
  text-align: center;
  height: 100%;
  border: 1px solid rgba(147, 197, 253, 0.35);
  transition: background var(--transition), border-color var(--transition);
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  min-height: 108px;
}

.impact-stat-card:hover {
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.04);
  border-color: rgba(147, 197, 253, 0.5);
}

.impact-stat-card i {
  font-size: 1.2rem;
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.88);
  margin-bottom: 0.4rem;
  display: block;
}

.impact-stat-card .number {
  font-size: clamp(0.95rem, 1.5vw, 1.35rem);
  font-weight: 800;
  display: block;
  color: var(--white);
  line-height: 1.15;
  margin-bottom: 0.2rem;
}

.impact-stat-card .label {
  font-size: 0.58rem;
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.72);
  line-height: 1.3;
}

@media (min-width: 768px) {
  .why-publish-col .why-features-grid {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
  }
}

.why-publish-process-title {
  margin-bottom: 1.15rem;
}

.why-publish-section .why-publish-process-timeline {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: nowrap;
  justify-content: space-between;
  align-items: flex-start;
  position: relative;
  padding: 0.5rem 0 0;
  gap: 0.25rem;
  overflow-x: auto;
  scrollbar-width: none;
  -webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch;
  flex: 1;
}

.why-publish-section .why-publish-process-timeline::-webkit-scrollbar {
  display: none;
}

.why-publish-section .why-publish-process-timeline::before,
.why-publish-section .why-publish-process-timeline.process-timeline::before {
  display: none;
}

.why-publish-section .why-publish-process-timeline .process-step {
  flex: 1 1 0;
  min-width: 72px;
  text-align: center;
  position: relative;
  z-index: 1;
  padding: 0 0.15rem;
}

.why-publish-section .why-publish-process-timeline .step-circle {
  width: 40px;
  height: 40px;
  margin: 0 auto 0.5rem;
  font-size: 0.75rem;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.06);
  border: 1.5px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.24);
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.92);
  box-shadow: none;
}

.why-publish-section .why-publish-process-timeline .process-step:hover .step-circle {
  border-color: var(--accent-orange);
  color: var(--accent-orange);
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.08);
}

.why-publish-section .why-publish-process-timeline .process-step h6 {
  font-size: 0.58rem;
  color: var(--white);
  margin-bottom: 0.2rem;
}

.why-publish-section .why-publish-process-timeline .process-step h6 .step-num {
  color: var(--accent-orange);
}

.why-publish-section .why-publish-process-timeline .process-step p {
  font-size: 0.5rem;
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.62);
  line-height: 1.3;
}

@media (min-width: 992px) {
  .why-publish-row {
    flex-wrap: nowrap;
  }

  .why-publish-col .why-publish-title.d-lg-none,
  .impact-col .why-publish-title.d-lg-none {
    display: none !important;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 1199.98px) {
  .why-features-grid {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
    gap: 1rem 1rem;
  }

  .impact-stats-row {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
    gap: 0.75rem;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 991.98px) {
  .why-publish-row {
    flex-wrap: wrap;
  }

  .why-publish-col {
    padding-right: 0;
  }

  .impact-col,
  .why-publish-process-col {
    padding-left: 0;
    border-left: none;
    border-top: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15);
    padding-top: 1.5rem;
    margin-top: 0.25rem;
  }

  .why-features-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 1rem;
  }

  .impact-stats-row {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
  }
}

@media (max-width: 575.98px) {
  .why-publish-section {
    padding: 1rem 0;
  }

  .impact-stats-row {
    gap: 0.55rem;
  }

  .impact-stat-card {
    padding: 0.75rem 0.35rem;
    min-height: 96px;
  }

  .impact-stat-card .number {
    font-size: 1rem;
  }
}

/* ---- Publication Process Timeline ---- */
.process-section {
  background: var(--white);
}

.process-timeline {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: nowrap;
  justify-content: space-between;
  position: relative;
  padding: 1rem 0 0;
  gap: 0.25rem;
}

.process-timeline::before {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  top: 38px;
  left: 6%;
  right: 6%;
  height: 0;
  border-top: 2px dotted var(--light-gray);
  z-index: 0;
}

.process-step {
  flex: 1;
  text-align: center;
  position: relative;
  z-index: 1;
  padding: 0 0.15rem;
  min-width: 0;
}

.process-step .step-circle {
  width: 64px;
  height: 64px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: var(--white);
  border: 2px solid var(--light-gray);
  color: var(--primary-dark);
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  margin: 0 auto 0.85rem;
  font-size: 1.15rem;
  box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(12, 35, 64, 0.06);
  transition: border-color var(--transition), color var(--transition);
}

.process-step:hover .step-circle {
  border-color: var(--accent-orange);
  color: var(--accent-orange);
}

.process-step h6 {
  font-size: 0.72rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--primary-dark);
  margin-bottom: 0.3rem;
  line-height: 1.3;
}

.process-step h6 .step-num {
  color: var(--accent-orange);
}

.process-step p {
  font-size: 0.62rem;
  color: var(--text-muted);
  margin: 0;
  line-height: 1.4;
}

/* ---- Article Cards Grid (image layout) ---- */
.articles-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr);
  gap: 0.85rem;
}

.article-card {
  background: var(--white);
  border-radius: var(--radius-md);
  overflow: hidden;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
  height: 100%;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  transition: box-shadow var(--transition), transform var(--transition);
  border: 1px solid var(--light-gray);
}

.article-card:hover {
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-md);
  transform: translateY(-3px);
}

.article-card-thumb {
  display: block;
  overflow: hidden;
}

.article-card img {
  height: 100px;
  object-fit: cover;
  width: 100%;
  display: block;
  transition: transform var(--transition);
}

.article-card:hover img {
  transform: scale(1.04);
}

.article-card-body {
  padding: 0.75rem 0.85rem 0.85rem;
  flex: 1;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
}

.article-tag {
  display: inline-block;
  font-size: 0.58rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--primary-blue);
  background: rgba(13, 47, 94, 0.08);
  padding: 0.15rem 0.45rem;
  border-radius: 3px;
  margin-bottom: 0.4rem;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.02em;
}

.article-card-body h6 {
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--primary-dark);
  margin-bottom: 0.4rem;
  line-height: 1.4;
  min-height: 2.8em;
  display: -webkit-box;
  -webkit-line-clamp: 2;
  -webkit-box-orient: vertical;
  overflow: hidden;
}

.article-card-body h6 a {
  color: var(--primary-dark);
}

.article-card-body h6 a:hover {
  color: var(--accent-orange);
}

.article-card-body .authors {
  font-size: 0.68rem;
  color: var(--text-muted);
  margin-bottom: 0.25rem;
  line-height: 1.35;
  white-space: nowrap;
  overflow: hidden;
  text-overflow: ellipsis;
}

.article-card-body .meta {
  font-size: 0.65rem;
  color: var(--text-muted);
  margin-bottom: 0.15rem;
}

.article-card-body .meta a {
  color: var(--primary-blue);
  font-weight: 500;
}

.article-card-body .meta a.meta-doi-value {
  font-weight: 700;
}

.article-card-body .meta a:hover {
  color: var(--accent-orange);
}

.article-card-body .date {
  font-size: 0.65rem;
  color: var(--text-muted);
  margin-bottom: 0.65rem;
}

.article-card-footer {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.75rem;
  margin-top: auto;
  padding-top: 0.5rem;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--light-gray);
  font-size: 0.68rem;
  color: var(--text-muted);
}

.article-card-footer a,
.article-card-footer span {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.25rem;
}

.article-card-footer .article-action {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  gap: 0.35rem;
  min-height: 28px;
  padding: 0.25rem 0.55rem;
  border-radius: 999px;
  border: 1px solid transparent;
  font-weight: 700;
  font-size: 0.68rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.02em;
  line-height: 1;
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: all var(--transition);
}

.article-card-footer .article-action i {
  font-size: 0.72rem;
}

.article-card-footer .article-action-pdf {
  color: var(--btn-bg);
  background: transparent;
  border: none;
  border-radius: 0;
  padding: 0;
  min-height: auto;
  font-weight: 600;
}

.article-card-footer .article-action-pdf:hover {
  color: var(--btn-bg-hover);
  background: transparent;
  border: none;
}

.article-card-footer .article-action-pdf i,
.article-card-footer .article-action-pdf span {
  color: inherit;
}

.article-card-footer a.link-pdf {
  color: var(--accent-gold);
  font-size: 0.85rem;
}

.article-card-footer a.link-pdf:hover {
  color: var(--accent-gold-dark);
}

.article-card-footer span i {
  font-size: 0.72rem;
  opacity: 0.75;
}

/* ---- Latest Published Articles (home) ---- */
.article-card--lpa {
  border: 1px solid #dce3ed;
  border-radius: 8px;
  box-shadow: none;
}

.article-card--lpa:hover {
  transform: none;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
}

.article-card-top {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 0.45rem;
  padding: 0.65rem 0.75rem 0.55rem;
  border-bottom: 1px solid #e8ecf1;
}

.article-card-doi {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.35rem;
  width: 100%;
  min-width: 0;
  padding-top: 0.35rem;
  border-top: 1px solid #eef1f5;
}

.article-card-doi .article-meta-label {
  margin-bottom: 0;
  flex-shrink: 0;
  white-space: nowrap;
}

.article-card-doi .article-doi-value {
  flex: 1;
  min-width: 0;
  word-break: normal;
  white-space: nowrap;
  overflow: hidden;
  text-overflow: ellipsis;
  text-decoration: none;
  color: var(--primary-dark);
}

a.article-doi-value:hover {
  color: var(--primary-blue);
  text-decoration: underline;
}

.article-doi-badge {
  flex-shrink: 0;
  width: 30px;
  height: 30px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: var(--primary-dark);
  color: var(--white);
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  line-height: 1;
  text-decoration: none;
  margin-top: 0.05rem;
}

.article-doi-badge i {
  font-size: 0.68rem;
  line-height: 1;
}

a.article-doi-badge:hover {
  color: var(--white);
  background: var(--primary-blue);
}

.article-card-meta {
  flex: 1;
  min-width: 0;
  display: flex;
  align-items: flex-start;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 0.35rem;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
}

.article-meta-year {
  text-align: right;
  flex-shrink: 0;
}

.article-card--lpa .article-meta-label {
  font-size: 0.58rem;
}

.article-card--lpa .article-meta-value {
  font-size: 0.68rem;
}

.article-card--lpa .article-doi-value {
  display: inline;
  min-width: 0;
  white-space: nowrap;
  overflow: hidden;
  text-overflow: ellipsis;
}

.article-meta-item {
  min-width: 0;
}

.article-meta-volume {
  text-align: right;
  flex-shrink: 0;
}

.article-meta-label {
  display: block;
  font-size: 0.52rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: #5b7a9d;
  line-height: 1.2;
  margin-bottom: 0.1rem;
}

.article-meta-value {
  display: block;
  font-size: 0.62rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--primary-dark);
  line-height: 1.25;
  white-space: nowrap;
  overflow: hidden;
  text-overflow: ellipsis;
}

.article-card--lpa .article-card-body {
  padding: 0.75rem 0.75rem 0.5rem;
}

.article-card--lpa .article-card-body h6 {
  font-size: 0.74rem;
  min-height: 2.8em;
  margin-bottom: 0.45rem;
}

.article-card--lpa .article-card-body .authors {
  font-size: 0.62rem;
  color: var(--accent-gold);
  font-weight: 600;
  margin-bottom: 0;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.3rem;
}

.article-card--lpa .article-card-body .authors i {
  font-size: 0.58rem;
  opacity: 0.9;
}

.article-card--lpa .article-card-footer {
  margin-top: 0;
  padding: 0.6rem 0.75rem 0.7rem;
  border-top: 1px solid #e8ecf1;
  justify-content: space-between;
  align-items: center;
  flex-wrap: nowrap;
  gap: 0.35rem;
  white-space: nowrap;
}

.article-card--lpa .article-action-view,
.article-card--lpa .article-action-pdf {
  color: var(--accent-gold);
  font-size: 0.62rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  text-decoration: none;
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.25rem;
  background: transparent;
  border: none;
  padding: 0;
  min-height: auto;
  border-radius: 0;
  white-space: nowrap;
  flex-shrink: 0;
}

.article-card--lpa .article-action-view:hover,
.article-card--lpa .article-action-pdf:hover {
  color: var(--accent-gold-dark);
  background: transparent;
}

.article-card--lpa .article-action-divider {
  color: #d5dde8;
  font-size: 0.62rem;
  line-height: 1;
  flex-shrink: 0;
}

@media (max-width: 991.98px) {
  .process-articles-updates-section .articles-grid,
  .process-articles-updates-section .articles-grid--lpa {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
  }
}

@media (max-width: 575.98px) {
  .process-articles-updates-section .articles-grid,
  .process-articles-updates-section .articles-grid--lpa {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }
}

/* ---- Article List (horizontal rows) ---- */
.articles-list {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 0.85rem;
}

.article-row {
  display: flex;
  gap: 1rem;
  background: var(--white);
  border-radius: var(--radius-md);
  overflow: hidden;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
  border: 1px solid var(--light-gray);
  transition: box-shadow var(--transition), border-color var(--transition);
  padding: 0.75rem;
}

.article-row:hover {
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-md);
  border-color: rgba(197, 160, 89, 0.25);
}

.article-row img {
  width: 110px;
  height: 90px;
  object-fit: cover;
  flex-shrink: 0;
  border-radius: 6px;
}

.article-row-body {
  padding: 0;
  flex: 1;
  min-width: 0;
}

.article-row-body h6 {
  font-size: 0.88rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  margin-bottom: 0.3rem;
  line-height: 1.4;
}

.article-row-body h6 a {
  color: var(--primary-dark);
}

.article-row-body h6 a:hover {
  color: var(--accent-orange);
}

.article-row-body .authors,
.article-row-body .meta {
  font-size: 0.73rem;
  color: var(--text-muted);
  margin-bottom: 0.2rem;
}

.article-row-body .meta a {
  color: var(--primary-blue);
  font-weight: 500;
}

.article-row-body .meta a:hover {
  color: var(--accent-orange);
}

.article-row-links {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 1rem;
  font-size: 0.72rem;
  margin-top: 0.4rem;
}

.article-row-links a {
  color: var(--text-muted);
  font-weight: 500;
}

.article-row-links a:hover {
  color: var(--primary-dark);
}

.article-row-links a.link-pdf {
  color: var(--accent-gold);
}

.article-row-links a.link-pdf:hover {
  color: var(--accent-gold-dark);
}

.article-row-links a i {
  margin-right: 0.2rem;
}

/* ---- Article Cards (legacy standalone) ---- */
.article-card.legacy-card img {
  height: 120px;
}

/* ---- Updates Sidebar ---- */
.updates-box {
  background: var(--white);
  border-radius: var(--radius-md);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
  padding: 1.25rem;
  height: 100%;
  border: 1px solid var(--light-gray);
}

.updates-box h5.section-title {
  font-size: 1.1rem;
  margin-bottom: 1.15rem;
}

.update-item {
  display: flex;
  gap: 0.85rem;
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
  padding-bottom: 1rem;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--light-gray);
  align-items: flex-start;
}

.update-item:last-of-type {
  margin-bottom: 1.25rem;
  padding-bottom: 0;
  border-bottom: none;
}

.update-date {
  flex-shrink: 0;
  width: 46px;
  text-align: center;
  border-radius: 6px;
  background: var(--light-bg);
  border: 1px solid var(--light-gray);
  padding: 0.35rem 0.25rem;
}

.update-date .day {
  font-size: 1.05rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  line-height: 1;
  display: block;
  background: transparent;
  color: var(--primary-dark);
  padding: 0;
}

.update-date .month {
  font-size: 0.58rem;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  display: block;
  background: transparent;
  color: var(--text-muted);
  padding: 0.15rem 0 0;
  font-weight: 600;
}

.update-content {
  flex: 1;
  min-width: 0;
}

.update-item h6 {
  font-size: 0.82rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  margin: 0 0 0.3rem;
  line-height: 1.35;
}

.update-item h6 a {
  color: var(--primary-dark);
}

.update-item h6 a:hover {
  color: var(--accent-orange);
}

.update-content p {
  font-size: 0.72rem;
  color: var(--text-muted);
  margin: 0;
  line-height: 1.45;
}

/* ---- Testimonials ---- */
.testimonials-section {
  background: var(--white);
}

.testimonials-section.section-padding {
  padding: 1rem 0;
}

.testimonials-section .section-title.title-accent,
.testimonials-section .testimonials-title.title-accent {
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.testimonials-title {
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.testimonials-carousel {
  width: 100%;
}

.testimonials-track {
  display: flex;
  overflow-x: auto;
  scroll-snap-type: x mandatory;
  scroll-behavior: smooth;
  scrollbar-width: none;
  -webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch;
  margin: 0 -0.35rem 0.75rem;
  padding: 0 0.35rem;
}

.testimonials-track::-webkit-scrollbar {
  display: none;
}

.testimonial-slide {
  flex: 0 0 100%;
  min-width: 0;
  scroll-snap-align: start;
  scroll-snap-stop: always;
  padding: 0 0.35rem;
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

@media (min-width: 768px) {
  .testimonial-slide {
    flex: 0 0 33.333%;
  }

  .testimonials-track {
    scroll-snap-type: x proximity;
  }
}

.testimonial-card {
  position: relative;
  display: flex;
  align-items: flex-start;
  gap: 0.75rem;
  background: var(--white);
  border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
  border-radius: 8px;
  padding: 0.9rem 1rem 0.85rem;
  height: 100%;
  min-height: 0;
  text-align: left;
  box-shadow: none;
}

.testimonial-card .avatar {
  flex-shrink: 0;
  width: 56px;
  height: 56px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  object-fit: cover;
  margin: 0;
  border: none;
}

.testimonial-body {
  flex: 1;
  min-width: 0;
  padding-right: 3.25rem;
  padding-bottom: 0.15rem;
}

.testimonial-card .quote {
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  font-style: normal;
  color: #5c6b7f;
  line-height: 1.55;
  margin: 0 0 0.5rem;
}

.testimonial-card .name {
  font-weight: 700;
  font-size: 0.82rem;
  color: var(--primary-navy);
  margin: 0 0 0.12rem;
  line-height: 1.3;
}

.testimonial-card .affiliation {
  font-size: 0.72rem;
  color: #7b8a9a;
  margin: 0;
  line-height: 1.35;
}

.testimonial-card .stars {
  position: absolute;
  right: 0.85rem;
  bottom: 0.75rem;
  margin: 0;
  color: #f5b301;
  font-size: 0.62rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.04em;
  line-height: 1;
}

.testimonials-dots {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  gap: 0.45rem;
  margin-top: 0.5rem;
  padding: 0;
}

.testimonial-dot {
  width: 8px;
  height: 8px;
  padding: 0;
  border: none;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: #d1d9e6;
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: background var(--transition), transform var(--transition);
}

.testimonial-dot:hover {
  background: #94a3b8;
}

.testimonial-dot.active {
  background: var(--primary-navy);
  transform: scale(1.05);
}

@media (max-width: 767.98px) {
  .testimonial-card {
    padding: 0.85rem 0.9rem;
  }

  .testimonial-card .avatar {
    width: 48px;
    height: 48px;
  }

  .testimonial-body {
    padding-right: 2.75rem;
  }

  .testimonial-card .quote {
    font-size: 0.75rem;
  }
}

/* ---- CTA Banner ---- */
.cta-banner {
  background: linear-gradient(90deg, var(--primary-navy), var(--primary-blue));
  color: var(--white);
  padding: 1rem 0;
}

.cta-banner h4 {
  font-weight: 700;
  margin: 0;
  font-size: clamp(1.1rem, 2.5vw, 1.5rem);
}

.cta-banner i.cta-icon {
  font-size: 2rem;
  color: var(--accent-orange);
  margin-right: 1rem;
}

/* ---- Author Resources ---- */
.author-resources-section {
  background: var(--white);
  border-top: none;
}

.author-resources-section.section-padding {
  padding: 1rem 0 1.5rem;
}

.author-resources-section .section-title.title-accent {
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.resource-card {
  background: var(--white);
  border: 1px solid var(--light-gray);
  border-radius: 10px;
  padding: 1.5rem 1rem;
  text-align: center;
  transition: all var(--transition);
  height: 100%;
  color: var(--primary-dark);
}

.resource-card:hover {
  border-color: var(--accent-orange);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
  transform: translateY(-3px);
  color: var(--primary-dark);
}

.resource-card i {
  font-size: 2rem;
  color: var(--primary-dark);
  margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
}

.resource-card h6 {
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--primary-dark);
}

/* ---- Footer ---- */
.site-footer {
  background: var(--primary-navy);
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.85);
  padding: 2.5rem 0 0;
}

.footer-columns {
  align-items: flex-start;
}

.footer-col {
  padding-bottom: 0.5rem;
}

.site-footer h6 {
  color: var(--white);
  font-weight: 700;
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  margin-bottom: 1.25rem;
}

.site-footer .footer-subheading {
  margin-top: 1.5rem;
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
  font-size: 0.9rem;
}

.site-footer ul {
  list-style: none;
  padding: 0;
  margin: 0;
}

.site-footer ul li {
  margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}

.site-footer ul a {
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.75);
  font-size: 0.85rem;
}

.site-footer ul a:hover {
  color: var(--accent-orange);
}

.footer-brand p {
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  opacity: 0.8;
  margin: 1rem 0 1.25rem;
  line-height: 1.6;
  max-width: 280px;
}

.footer-brand-link {
  display: inline-block;
  margin-bottom: 0.25rem;
  background: var(--white);
  padding: 0.55rem 0.85rem;
  border-radius: 8px;
  line-height: 0;
}

.footer-brand-logo {
  display: block;
  width: auto;
  height: auto;
  max-height: 64px;
  max-width: 250px;
  object-fit: contain;
}

@media (min-width: 992px) {
  .footer-columns .footer-col {
    border-right: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.08);
    padding-right: 1.5rem;
  }

  .footer-columns .footer-col:last-child {
    border-right: none;
    padding-right: 0;
  }
}

.social-icons a {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  width: 36px;
  height: 36px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);
  color: var(--white);
  margin-right: 0.5rem;
  transition: background var(--transition);
}

.social-icons a:hover {
  background: var(--accent-orange);
  color: var(--white);
}

.footer-contact li {
  display: flex;
  gap: 0.75rem;
  align-items: flex-start;
  font-size: 0.85rem;
}

.footer-contact i {
  color: var(--accent-orange);
  margin-top: 0.2rem;
}

.footer-bottom {
  border-top: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);
  margin-top: 2.5rem;
  padding: 1.25rem 0 1.5rem;
  font-size: 0.8rem;
  text-align: center;
}

.footer-copy {
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.75);
}

.footer-legal {
  display: inline-flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: flex-end;
  gap: 0.5rem 1.5rem;
}

.footer-bottom a {
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.75);
  text-decoration: none;
}

.footer-bottom a:hover {
  color: var(--accent-orange);
}

/* ============================================
   RESPONSIVE - Mobile & Tablet
   ============================================ */

@media (max-width: 1199.98px) {
  .subjects-grid {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr);
  }

  .process-articles-updates-section .articles-grid,
  .process-articles-updates-section .articles-grid--lpa {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr);
  }

  .process-articles-updates-section .process-timeline {
    overflow-x: auto;
    flex-wrap: nowrap;
    padding-bottom: 0.5rem;
    scrollbar-width: none;
  }

  .process-articles-updates-section .process-timeline::-webkit-scrollbar {
    display: none;
  }

  .process-articles-updates-section .process-step {
    flex: 0 0 auto;
    min-width: 82px;
  }

  .about-features-row {
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 1.25rem 0;
    justify-content: center;
  }

  .about-feature-card {
    flex: 0 0 33.333%;
    padding: 0 0.5rem;
  }

  .about-feature-card::after {
    display: none;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 991.98px) {
  .subjects-grid {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr);
  }

  .why-features-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 1rem;
  }

  .top-bar .top-contact span {
    display: block;
    margin-bottom: 0.25rem;
    margin-right: 0;
  }

  .top-bar .text-end {
    text-align: left !important;
    margin-top: 0.5rem;
  }

  .main-navbar .navbar-inner {
    min-height: 76px;
  }

  .navbar-collapse {
    padding: 0.75rem 0 1rem;
    border-top: 1px solid var(--light-gray);
    margin-top: 0.5rem;
    background: var(--white);
    border-radius: 0 0 12px 12px;
  }

  .navbar-menu {
    text-align: left;
    padding: 0.25rem 0;
    gap: 0;
  }

  .main-navbar .nav-item {
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--light-gray);
  }

  .main-navbar .nav-item:last-child {
    border-bottom: none;
  }

  .main-navbar .nav-link,
  .main-navbar .nav-item.dropdown > .nav-link.dropdown-toggle {
    padding: 0.85rem 0.75rem !important;
  }

  .main-navbar .nav-item > .nav-link::before {
    bottom: 0.35rem;
    left: 0.75rem;
    right: 0.75rem;
  }

  .main-navbar .nav-item.dropdown > .nav-link.dropdown-toggle::before {
    right: 0.75rem;
  }

  .main-navbar .dropdown-menu {
    position: static !important;
    transform: none !important;
    float: none;
    width: 100%;
    min-width: 100%;
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0.25rem 0 0.75rem;
    border: none;
    border-radius: 0;
    box-shadow: none;
    background: var(--light-bg);
    animation: none;
  }

  .main-navbar .dropdown-header {
    padding-left: 1rem;
    padding-right: 1rem;
  }

  .main-navbar .dropdown-item {
    padding-left: 1.25rem;
    padding-right: 1rem;
  }

  .main-navbar .dropdown-item:hover,
  .main-navbar .dropdown-item:focus {
    padding-left: 1.4rem;
  }

  .main-navbar .dropdown-divider {
    margin-left: 1rem;
    margin-right: 1rem;
  }

  .main-navbar .dropdown-toggle::after {
    float: right;
    margin-top: 0.5em;
  }

  .hero-section {
    padding: 2.5rem 0 2rem;
  }

  .hero-section.hero-section--custom {
    padding: 0;
  }

  .hero-full-banner-overlay {
    padding: clamp(3.25rem, 8vw, 5rem) 0 clamp(3.25rem, 7vw, 4rem);
    align-items: flex-start;
  }

  .hero-full-banner-overlay .hero-content {
    max-width: 100%;
    text-align: left;
  }

  .hero-visual {
    margin-top: 2rem;
  }

  .hero-mockup {
    height: 300px;
    max-width: 360px;
  }

  .hero-laptop {
    width: 220px;
  }

  .discovery-card {
    padding: 1.5rem 1.25rem;
  }

  .discover-col {
    padding-right: 0;
  }

  .searchby-col {
    border-left: none;
    border-top: 1px solid #e8ecf1;
    padding-top: 1.5rem !important;
    padding-left: 0 !important;
    margin-top: 0.5rem;
  }

  .search-by-row {
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 0.5rem;
  }

  .search-by-tile {
    flex: 1 1 calc(33.333% - 0.35rem);
    min-width: 70px;
  }

  .hero-stats-col {
    max-width: 100%;
  }

  .hero-stats-row {
    justify-content: space-between;
  }

  .search-form-row {
    flex-direction: column;
    border-radius: 10px;
  }

  .search-field-select {
    border-right: none;
    border-left: none;
    border-bottom: 1px solid #e8ecf1;
    width: 100%;
  }

  .search-form-row .form-select {
    width: 100%;
    min-width: 100%;
  }

  .search-field-input {
    width: 100%;
    border-bottom: 1px solid #e8ecf1;
  }

  .search-form-row .btn-search {
    width: 100%;
    border-radius: 0 0 8px 8px;
  }

  .popular-searches {
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: flex-start;
    gap: 0.5rem;
  }

  .popular-tags {
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    width: 100%;
  }

  .search-by-tile {
    padding: 0.55rem 0.2rem 0.5rem;
    gap: 0.35rem;
  }

  .tile-icon {
    font-size: 1.05rem;
  }

  .about-col-image,
  .about-col-content,
  .about-col-text,
  .about-col-features {
    text-align: left;
  }

  .about-image-wrap {
    max-height: none;
    aspect-ratio: 4 / 3;
    max-width: 420px;
  }

  .about-col-features {
    margin-top: 0.5rem;
    padding: 0;
    border-left: none;
    border-top: none;
  }

  .about-features-panel {
    padding: 1rem;
  }

  .about-col-features .about-features-row {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
    gap: 0.75rem 0.45rem;
  }

  .about-features-row {
    flex-wrap: nowrap;
    overflow-x: auto;
    scrollbar-width: none;
    -webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch;
    padding-bottom: 0.25rem;
  }

  .about-features-row::-webkit-scrollbar {
    display: none;
  }

  .about-feature-card {
    flex: 0 0 auto;
    min-width: 88px;
    padding: 0.5rem 0.65rem;
  }

  .about-feature-card::after {
    display: block;
  }

  .about-main-title {
    margin-bottom: 0;
  }

  .process-step {
    flex: 0 0 calc(33.333% - 0.5rem);
  }

  .cta-banner .d-flex {
    flex-direction: column;
    text-align: center;
    gap: 1rem;
  }

  .cta-banner .btn-orange {
    width: 100%;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 767.98px) {
  .top-bar {
    padding: 10px 0;
    min-height: 44px;
  }

  .top-right {
    width: 100%;
    justify-content: center;
  }

  .btn-submit-top {
    width: 100%;
    text-align: center;
    padding: 0.5rem 1rem;
  }

  .hero-badges {
    justify-content: center;
  }

  .hero-content {
    text-align: center;
  }

  .hero-desc {
    margin-left: auto;
    margin-right: auto;
  }

  .hero-buttons {
    justify-content: center;
  }

  .hero-stats {
    padding-bottom: 2.25rem;
    margin-top: 2rem;
  }

  .search-section {
    margin-top: 0;
    padding: 1rem 0 1.5rem;
  }

  .discovery-card {
    margin-top: 0;
  }

  .hero-stats-col {
    width: 100%;
  }

  .hero-stats-row {
    justify-content: space-between;
    padding: 0.15rem 0;
  }

  .hero-stat-item:not(:last-child)::after {
    max-height: 36px;
    height: 65%;
  }

  .hero-stat-item .stat-number {
    font-size: 1rem;
  }

  .hero-stat-item .stat-label {
    font-size: 0.58rem;
    white-space: nowrap;
  }

  .hero-stat-item .stat-inner {
    gap: 0.45rem;
    padding: 0 0.2rem;
  }

  .stat-icon {
    font-size: 1rem;
  }

  .section-padding {
    padding: 1.25rem 0;
  }

  .journals-page .journals-featured.section-padding {
    padding-bottom: 0;
  }

  .journals-page .journals-all.section-padding {
    padding-top: 1rem;
  }

  .partners-section {
    padding: 1rem 0;
  }

  .why-publish-section {
    padding: 1.25rem 0;
  }

  .cta-banner {
    padding: 1.25rem 0;
  }

  .about-col-text .about-main-title {
    text-align: left;
    margin-left: 0;
    margin-right: 0;
  }

  .about-col-image {
    text-align: center;
  }

  .process-articles-updates-section .process-step {
    flex: 0 0 auto;
    min-width: 72px;
  }

  .subjects-grid {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
  }

  .process-articles-updates-section .articles-grid,
  .process-articles-updates-section .articles-grid--lpa {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
  }

  .process-articles-updates-section .process-timeline::before {
    display: none;
  }

  .home-updates-col {
    margin-top: 0.5rem;
  }

  .section-header-flex {
    gap: 0.65rem;
  }

  .section-header-flex .section-title,
  .section-head-bar .section-title {
    font-size: clamp(1rem, 4vw, 1.25rem);
  }

  .view-all-link {
    font-size: 0.78rem;
  }

  .journals-subject-header-wrap .home-section-header {
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 0.75rem 1rem;
  }

  .subjects-carousel-shell {
    gap: 0.55rem;
  }

  .subjects-carousel-shell .subjects-nav {
    flex-basis: 34px;
    width: 34px;
    height: 34px;
    font-size: 0.72rem;
  }

  .footer-bottom {
    text-align: center;
  }

  .footer-bottom .text-md-end {
    text-align: center !important;
    margin-top: 0.75rem;
  }

  .footer-legal {
    justify-content: center;
    width: 100%;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 575.98px) {
  .brand-tagline {
    display: none;
  }

  .navbar-brand .logo-icon {
    width: 38px;
    height: 38px;
    font-size: 1rem;
  }

  .navbar-brand .brand-logo {
    max-height: 56px;
    max-width: 220px;
  }

  .brand-name {
    font-size: 1rem;
  }

  .about-feature-card {
    flex: 0 0 100%;
    max-width: 100%;
  }

  .process-articles-updates-section .process-step {
    min-width: 68px;
  }

  .process-articles-updates-section .articles-grid,
  .process-articles-updates-section .articles-grid--lpa {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .hero-buttons .btn {
    width: 100%;
    text-align: center;
  }

  .article-row {
    flex-direction: column;
  }

  .article-row img {
    width: 100%;
    height: 140px;
  }

  .article-row-body {
    padding: 1rem;
  }
}

/* ============================================
   INNER PAGES (About, Editorial Board, etc.)
   ============================================ */
.about-page,
.editorial-page {
  background: #f5f7fb;
}

.inner-page-hero,
.about-page-hero {
  position: relative;
  color: var(--white);
  padding: 2.75rem 0;
  background: var(--primary-navy);
  overflow: hidden;
}

.inner-page-hero::before,
.about-page-hero::before {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  background:
    linear-gradient(105deg, rgba(7, 28, 58, 0.97) 0%, rgba(7, 28, 58, 0.88) 42%, rgba(7, 28, 58, 0.35) 68%, rgba(7, 28, 58, 0.15) 100%),
    radial-gradient(circle at 12% 40%, rgba(197, 160, 89, 0.08) 0%, transparent 45%),
    repeating-linear-gradient(
      60deg,
      rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.03) 0,
      rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.03) 1px,
      transparent 1px,
      transparent 18px
    ),
    repeating-linear-gradient(
      -60deg,
      rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.03) 0,
      rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.03) 1px,
      transparent 1px,
      transparent 18px
    );
  pointer-events: none;
  z-index: 1;
}

.inner-page-hero .container,
.about-page-hero .container {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 2;
}

.inner-page-hero h1,
.about-page-hero h1 {
  font-size: 2.25rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
}

.inner-page-hero-visual {
  position: relative;
  border-radius: 12px;
  overflow: hidden;
  box-shadow: 0 20px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.35);
  min-height: 220px;
}

.inner-page-hero-visual img {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  min-height: 220px;
  object-fit: cover;
  display: block;
}

.inner-page-hero-visual::after {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  background: linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(7, 28, 58, 0.55) 0%, transparent 45%);
  pointer-events: none;
}

.about-breadcrumb,
.inner-breadcrumb {
  display: none;
  --bs-breadcrumb-divider-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.75);
  --bs-breadcrumb-item-active-color: var(--accent-orange);
  margin: 0;
}

.about-breadcrumb a,
.inner-breadcrumb a {
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.9);
}

.about-breadcrumb a:hover,
.inner-breadcrumb a:hover {
  color: var(--accent-orange);
}

/* About page hero — same journal-style banner strip */
.about-page-hero.journals-hero {
  padding: 1.75rem 0 2.25rem;
  min-height: 200px;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  background: var(--primary-navy);
}

.about-page-hero.journals-hero .journals-hero-content {
  margin-top: 0.35rem;
}

.about-page-hero.journals-hero h1 {
  font-size: 2.1rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  margin-bottom: 0;
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
}

/* About page hero — short strip, full-row cover image */
.about-hero {
  padding: 1.35rem 0;
  min-height: 168px;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
}

.about-hero::before {
  background:
    linear-gradient(100deg, rgba(7, 28, 58, 0.96) 0%, rgba(7, 28, 58, 0.82) 32%, rgba(7, 28, 58, 0.35) 52%, rgba(7, 28, 58, 0.08) 68%, transparent 82%),
    repeating-linear-gradient(
      60deg,
      rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.03) 0,
      rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.03) 1px,
      transparent 1px,
      transparent 18px
    ),
    repeating-linear-gradient(
      -60deg,
      rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.03) 0,
      rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.03) 1px,
      transparent 1px,
      transparent 18px
    );
  z-index: 2;
}

.about-hero-cover {
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  z-index: 0;
  overflow: hidden;
}

.about-hero-cover img {
  width: 100%;
  height: 184%;
  object-fit: cover;
  object-position: center center;
  display: block;
}

.about-hero .container {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 3;
}

.about-hero-content {
  text-align: left;
  max-width: 520px;
}

.about-hero h1 {
  font-size: 1.85rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  margin-bottom: 0.45rem;
}

.about-hero .inner-breadcrumb {
  --bs-breadcrumb-divider: "/";
  font-size: 0.875rem;
}

.about-hero-brand {
  position: absolute;
  right: clamp(1rem, 4vw, 2.5rem);
  bottom: 1rem;
  z-index: 3;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: center;
  text-align: center;
  color: var(--white);
  text-shadow: 0 2px 12px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.45);
}

.about-hero-brand-icon {
  width: 48px;
  height: 48px;
  border-radius: 10px;
  background: linear-gradient(145deg, var(--accent-gold-dark) 0%, var(--accent-gold) 55%, var(--accent-gold-light) 100%);
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  font-size: 1.25rem;
  margin-bottom: 0.4rem;
  box-shadow: 0 6px 18px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.35);
}

.about-hero-brand-name {
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: 0.06em;
  line-height: 1.2;
}

.about-hero-brand-tag {
  font-size: 0.58rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  opacity: 0.95;
  line-height: 1.3;
}

/* Editorial Board page */
.editorial-hero {
  padding: 1.75rem 0 2.25rem;
  min-height: 200px;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  background: var(--primary-navy);
}

.editorial-hero::before {
  background:
    linear-gradient(100deg, rgba(7, 28, 58, 0.97) 0%, rgba(7, 28, 58, 0.9) 35%, rgba(7, 28, 58, 0.45) 55%, rgba(7, 28, 58, 0.12) 70%, transparent 84%),
    radial-gradient(circle at 8% 50%, rgba(197, 160, 89, 0.1) 0%, transparent 42%),
    repeating-linear-gradient(
      60deg,
      rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.04) 0,
      rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.04) 1px,
      transparent 1px,
      transparent 16px
    ),
    repeating-linear-gradient(
      -60deg,
      rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.04) 0,
      rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.04) 1px,
      transparent 1px,
      transparent 16px
    );
  z-index: 2;
}

.editorial-hero .container {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 3;
}

.editorial-hero-cover {
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  z-index: 0;
  overflow: hidden;
}

.editorial-hero-cover img {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  object-fit: cover;
  object-position: center center;
  display: block;
}

.editorial-hero-content {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 3;
  text-align: left;
  max-width: 560px;
}

.editorial-hero h1 {
  font-size: 2.1rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  margin-bottom: 0;
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
}

.editorial-hero .inner-breadcrumb {
  --bs-breadcrumb-divider: "/";
  font-size: 0.875rem;
  margin-bottom: 0.65rem;
  justify-content: flex-start;
}

.editorial-hero-brand {
  position: absolute;
  right: clamp(1rem, 4vw, 2.5rem);
  bottom: 1rem;
  z-index: 3;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: center;
  text-align: center;
  color: var(--white);
  text-shadow: 0 2px 12px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.45);
}

.editorial-hero-brand-icon {
  width: 48px;
  height: 48px;
  border-radius: 10px;
  background: linear-gradient(145deg, var(--accent-gold-dark) 0%, var(--accent-gold) 55%, var(--accent-gold-light) 100%);
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  font-size: 1.25rem;
  margin-bottom: 0.4rem;
  box-shadow: 0 6px 18px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.35);
}

.editorial-hero-brand-name {
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: 0.06em;
  line-height: 1.2;
}

.editorial-hero-brand-tag {
  font-size: 0.58rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  opacity: 0.95;
  line-height: 1.3;
}

.editorial-intro-title {
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.editorial-team-desc {
  max-width: 720px;
  color: #52657d;
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  line-height: 1.65;
  margin-bottom: 0;
}

.editorial-section-title {
  font-size: 1.35rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--primary-dark);
  padding-left: 0.85rem;
  border-left: 4px solid var(--accent-orange);
  margin-bottom: 1.25rem;
}

.editorial-journal-card {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  height: 100%;
  min-height: 180px;
  padding: 1.25rem 1.25rem 1.1rem;
  background: var(--white);
  border: 1px solid #e5eaf3;
  border-radius: 12px;
  box-shadow: 0 8px 24px rgba(11, 35, 85, 0.05);
  text-decoration: none;
  color: inherit;
  transition: transform 0.2s ease, box-shadow 0.2s ease, border-color 0.2s ease;
}

.editorial-journal-card:hover {
  transform: translateY(-3px);
  border-color: #c9d8f0;
  box-shadow: 0 14px 32px rgba(11, 35, 85, 0.1);
  color: inherit;
}

.editorial-journal-card-top {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 0.5rem;
  margin-bottom: 0.85rem;
}

.editorial-journal-code {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  padding: 0.25rem 0.6rem;
  font-size: 0.72rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.04em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--primary-blue);
  background: #f0f6ff;
  border-radius: 6px;
}

.editorial-journal-count {
  font-size: 0.75rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--text-muted);
  white-space: nowrap;
}

.editorial-journal-card h4 {
  font-size: 1rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--primary-dark);
  line-height: 1.4;
  margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
  flex: 1 1 auto;
}

.editorial-journal-link {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.4rem;
  font-size: 0.8125rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--primary-blue);
  margin-top: auto;
}

.editorial-journal-card:hover .editorial-journal-link {
  color: var(--accent-orange);
}

.editorial-journal-link i {
  font-size: 0.72rem;
  transition: transform 0.2s ease;
}

.editorial-journal-card:hover .editorial-journal-link i {
  transform: translateX(3px);
}

.editorial-empty-state {
  text-align: center;
  padding: 3rem 1.5rem;
  background: var(--white);
  border: 1px dashed #d8deec;
  border-radius: 12px;
}

.editorial-empty-state i {
  font-size: 2rem;
  color: #9aacc8;
  margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
}

.editorial-empty-state p {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--text-muted);
}

.editor-chief-card {
  position: relative;
  background: var(--white);
  border: 1px solid #e9edf3;
  border-radius: 14px;
  padding: 1.75rem;
  box-shadow: 0 8px 32px rgba(7, 28, 58, 0.08);
}

.btn-view-bio {
  position: absolute;
  top: 1.25rem;
  right: 1.25rem;
  z-index: 2;
  font-size: 0.8rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--primary-dark);
  background: var(--white);
  border: 1px solid #d5dde8;
  border-radius: 8px;
  padding: 0.45rem 0.85rem;
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.4rem;
  transition: border-color var(--transition), color var(--transition);
}

.btn-view-bio:hover {
  border-color: var(--btn-bg);
  color: var(--btn-bg);
}

.editor-chief-photo {
  width: 100%;
  max-width: 220px;
  border-radius: 10px;
  object-fit: cover;
  aspect-ratio: 4 / 5;
}

.editor-chief-name {
  font-size: 1.5rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  color: var(--primary-dark);
  margin-bottom: 0.35rem;
}

.editor-chief-role {
  display: block;
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--accent-orange);
  margin-bottom: 0.85rem;
}

.editor-chief-meta li {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.5rem;
  font-size: 0.88rem;
  color: #52657d;
  margin-bottom: 0.4rem;
}

.editor-chief-meta i {
  color: var(--primary-blue);
  width: 1rem;
  text-align: center;
}

.editor-chief-meta a {
  color: #52657d;
}

.editor-chief-meta a:hover {
  color: var(--accent-orange);
}

.editor-chief-bio {
  margin: 1rem 0 0;
  font-size: 0.92rem;
  line-height: 1.65;
  color: #2d3f58;
}

.associate-editor-card {
  display: flex;
  gap: 0.85rem;
  align-items: flex-start;
  background: var(--white);
  border: 1px solid #e9edf3;
  border-radius: 12px;
  padding: 1rem;
  height: 100%;
  box-shadow: 0 4px 16px rgba(7, 28, 58, 0.05);
  transition: box-shadow var(--transition), transform var(--transition);
}

.associate-editor-card:hover {
  box-shadow: 0 10px 28px rgba(7, 28, 58, 0.1);
  transform: translateY(-2px);
}

.associate-editor-card > img {
  width: 72px;
  height: 72px;
  border-radius: 8px;
  object-fit: cover;
  flex-shrink: 0;
}

.associate-editor-body {
  flex: 1;
  min-width: 0;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
}

.associate-editor-body h5 {
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--primary-dark);
  margin-bottom: 0.2rem;
  line-height: 1.3;
}

.associate-role {
  display: block;
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--accent-orange);
  margin-bottom: 0.25rem;
}

.associate-affiliation {
  font-size: 0.75rem;
  color: #607089;
  margin: 0 0 0.5rem;
  line-height: 1.4;
}

.associate-bio-link {
  margin-top: auto;
  font-size: 0.75rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--accent-orange);
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.35rem;
  text-decoration: underline;
  text-decoration-color: var(--accent-orange);
  text-underline-offset: 0.15em;
}

.associate-bio-link:hover {
  color: var(--accent-orange-hover);
  text-decoration-color: var(--accent-orange-hover);
}

.about-hero-brand-icon,
.editorial-hero-brand-icon,
.journals-hero-brand-icon,
.contact-hero-brand-icon,
.policies-hero-brand-icon,
.indexing-hero-brand-icon,
.author-guidelines-hero-brand-icon {
  color: var(--primary-navy);
}

.btn-view-all-board {
  background: var(--btn-bg);
  border: 1px solid var(--btn-bg);
  color: var(--btn-color);
  font-weight: 600;
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  padding: 0.65rem 1.5rem;
  border-radius: 8px;
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.5rem;
  transition: background var(--transition), border-color var(--transition), box-shadow var(--transition);
}

.btn-view-all-board:hover {
  background: var(--btn-bg-hover);
  border-color: var(--btn-bg-hover);
  color: var(--btn-color);
  box-shadow: 0 4px 14px rgba(197, 160, 89, 0.3);
}

.editorial-network-cta {
  background:
    linear-gradient(115deg, #06204a 0%, #0a3068 50%, #071c3a 100%),
    radial-gradient(circle at 20% 50%, rgba(197, 160, 89, 0.12) 0%, transparent 50%);
  padding: 2rem 0;
  color: var(--white);
}

.editorial-network-inner {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 1.25rem 1.5rem;
}

.editorial-network-icon {
  width: 56px;
  height: 56px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.12);
  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2);
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  font-size: 1.35rem;
  flex-shrink: 0;
}

.editorial-network-text {
  flex: 1;
  min-width: 200px;
}

.editorial-network-text h4 {
  font-size: 1.25rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  margin-bottom: 0.35rem;
}

.editorial-network-text p {
  margin: 0;
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.88);
  max-width: 520px;
}

.footer-columns-five .footer-col {
  flex: 1 1 0;
}

.footer-bottom-teal {
  background: #0c5568;
  border-top: none;
  margin-top: 2rem;
}

.footer-bottom-teal a:hover {
  color: var(--white);
}

.about-overview-panel {
  background: transparent;
  border: none;
  border-radius: 0;
  padding: 0;
  width: 100%;
}

.about-overview-content {
  text-align: left;
  overflow-wrap: break-word;
  word-wrap: break-word;
  word-break: normal;
  white-space: normal;
  text-wrap: wrap;
}

.about-overview-content .row {
  --bs-gutter-x: 2rem;
}

.about-overview-two-col {
  margin: 1.75rem 0;
}

.about-overview-col {
  text-align: left;
  min-width: 0;
  max-width: 100%;
}

.about-overview-col-title,
.about-overview-subheading {
  font-size: 1.15rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--primary-dark);
  margin-bottom: 0.85rem;
  overflow-wrap: break-word;
  word-wrap: break-word;
  text-wrap: wrap;
}

.about-overview-subheading {
  margin-top: 1.5rem;
  margin-bottom: 0.65rem;
}

.about-overview-list {
  margin: 0;
  padding-left: 1.15rem;
  color: #2d3f58;
}

.about-overview-list li {
  margin-bottom: 0.45rem;
  line-height: 1.55;
  text-align: left;
  overflow-wrap: break-word;
  word-wrap: break-word;
  white-space: normal;
  text-wrap: wrap;
}

.about-overview-list li:last-child {
  margin-bottom: 0;
}

.about-overview-content table td {
  vertical-align: top;
  text-align: left;
  width: 50%;
  padding: 0 1rem 0 0;
}

.about-overview-content [class*="col-"] {
  text-align: left;
  min-width: 0;
}

.about-overview-content p,
.about-overview-content li,
.about-overview-content td,
.about-overview-content th,
.about-overview-content div,
.about-overview-content span {
  overflow-wrap: break-word;
  word-wrap: break-word;
  white-space: normal;
  text-wrap: wrap;
}

.about-overview-content img,
.about-overview-content table {
  max-width: 100%;
}

.about-kicker {
  display: inline-block;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: #b3832e;
  font-size: 0.72rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  margin-bottom: 0.6rem;
}

.about-overview-panel h2 {
  font-size: 2rem;
  line-height: 1.2;
  font-weight: 800;
  color: var(--primary-dark);
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
  max-width: 600px;
}

.about-overview-panel p {
  margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
  color: #2d3f58;
  max-width: none;
  width: 100%;
  text-align: left;
  overflow-wrap: break-word;
  word-wrap: break-word;
  white-space: normal;
  text-wrap: wrap;
}

.about-overview-content p:last-child,
.about-overview-content ul:last-child,
.about-overview-content ol:last-child {
  margin-bottom: 0;
}

.about-overview-content ul,
.about-overview-content ol {
  margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
  padding-left: 1.25rem;
  color: #2d3f58;
}

.about-overview-content a {
  color: var(--primary-blue);
  text-decoration: underline;
}

.about-card {
  background: #f1f5fb;
  border: 1px solid #e4eaf3;
  border-radius: 12px;
  height: 100%;
  padding: 1.25rem;
  display: flex;
  gap: 0.95rem;
  min-width: 0;
}

.about-card > div:last-child {
  flex: 1;
  min-width: 0;
}

.about-card-icon {
  width: 48px;
  height: 48px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: rgba(13, 47, 94, 0.1);
  color: var(--primary-blue);
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  flex-shrink: 0;
  font-size: 1.35rem;
}

.about-card h4 {
  font-size: 1.2rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  margin-bottom: 0.45rem;
}

.about-card p,
.about-card-text {
  margin-bottom: 0;
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  color: #2d3f58;
  text-align: left;
  overflow-wrap: break-word;
  word-wrap: break-word;
  white-space: normal;
  text-wrap: wrap;
}

.about-card-text p:last-child,
.about-card-text ul:last-child,
.about-card-text ol:last-child {
  margin-bottom: 0;
}

.about-card-text p,
.about-card-text ul,
.about-card-text ol {
  margin-bottom: 0.65rem;
}

.about-card-text ul,
.about-card-text ol {
  padding-left: 1.15rem;
}

.about-card-text a {
  color: var(--primary-blue);
  text-decoration: underline;
}

.about-pillars .col-lg {
  flex: 1 1 20%;
}

.pillar-item {
  text-align: center;
  background: var(--white);
  border: 1px solid #e9edf3;
  border-right: none;
  min-height: 156px;
  padding: 1rem 0.75rem;
  min-width: 0;
}

.pillar-item .about-card-text {
  text-align: center;
  overflow-wrap: break-word;
  word-wrap: break-word;
  white-space: normal;
  text-wrap: wrap;
}

.about-pillars .col-lg:last-child .pillar-item {
  border-right: 1px solid #e9edf3;
}

.pillar-item i {
  color: #6fa08f;
  font-size: 1.5rem;
  margin-bottom: 0.7rem;
}

.pillar-item h5 {
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  line-height: 1.35;
  color: var(--primary-dark);
  margin: 0 0 0.45rem;
}

.pillar-item p {
  margin: 0;
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  line-height: 1.45;
  color: #607089;
}

.reach-map {
  border-radius: 12px;
  overflow: hidden;
  border: 1px solid #e1e7f0;
  background: var(--white);
}

.reach-map img {
  width: 100%;
  height: 320px;
  object-fit: cover;
}

.reach-stats {
  margin-top: 1rem;
  border: 1px solid #e4eaf3;
  border-radius: 10px;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(4, minmax(0, 1fr));
  background: var(--white);
}

.reach-stats div {
  text-align: center;
  padding: 0.85rem 0.5rem;
  border-right: 1px solid #e4eaf3;
}

.reach-stats div:last-child {
  border-right: none;
}

.reach-stats strong {
  display: block;
  color: var(--primary-blue);
  font-size: 1.2rem;
  font-weight: 800;
}

.reach-stats span {
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  color: #52657d;
}

.about-cta {
  padding-top: 0;
}

.about-cta-inner {
  background: linear-gradient(115deg, #06204a, #0d3c86);
  color: var(--white);
  border-radius: 12px;
  padding: 1.4rem 1.6rem;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 1rem;
}

.about-cta-inner > div {
  flex: 1;
  min-width: 0;
}

.about-cta-inner .about-card-text {
  overflow-wrap: break-word;
  word-wrap: break-word;
  white-space: normal;
  text-wrap: wrap;
}

.about-cta-inner h4 {
  margin-bottom: 0.35rem;
}

.about-cta-inner p {
  margin: 0;
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.9);
}

@media (max-width: 991.98px) {
  .about-hero {
    padding: 1.1rem 0;
    min-height: 140px;
  }

  .about-hero h1 {
    font-size: 1.5rem;
  }

  .about-hero-brand {
    right: 0.75rem;
    bottom: 0.65rem;
  }

  .about-hero-brand-icon {
    width: 40px;
    height: 40px;
    font-size: 1rem;
  }

  .inner-page-hero h1,
  .about-page-hero h1 {
    font-size: 1.7rem;
  }

  .inner-page-hero-visual {
    margin-top: 0.5rem;
  }

  .about-overview-panel h2 {
    font-size: 1.6rem;
  }

  .about-pillars .col-lg {
    flex: 0 0 50%;
  }

  .pillar-item {
    border-right: 1px solid #e9edf3;
  }

  .reach-stats {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  }

  .reach-stats div:nth-child(2n) {
    border-right: none;
  }

  .reach-stats div:nth-child(-n + 2) {
    border-bottom: 1px solid #e4eaf3;
  }

  .btn-view-bio {
    position: static;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
    display: inline-flex;
  }

  .editorial-network-inner {
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: flex-start;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 575.98px) {
  .about-overview-panel {
    padding: 0;
  }

  .about-overview-two-col {
    margin: 1.25rem 0;
  }

  .about-overview-panel h2 {
    font-size: 1.4rem;
  }

  .about-card {
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: flex-start;
  }

  .about-cta-inner {
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: flex-start;
  }

  .editor-chief-card {
    padding: 1.25rem;
  }

  .editor-chief-photo {
    max-width: 100%;
    margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
  }

  .associate-editor-card {
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: center;
    text-align: center;
  }

  .associate-editor-body {
    align-items: center;
  }

  .editorial-hero {
    padding: 1.1rem 0;
    min-height: 140px;
  }

  .editorial-hero h1 {
    font-size: 1.5rem;
  }

  .editorial-hero-brand {
    right: 0.75rem;
    bottom: 0.65rem;
  }

  .editorial-hero-brand-icon {
    width: 40px;
    height: 40px;
    font-size: 1rem;
  }

  .editorial-hero-brand-name {
    font-size: 0.82rem;
  }

  .editorial-hero-brand-tag {
    font-size: 0.52rem;
  }
}

/* Nav search (journals mockup) */
.btn-nav-search {
  width: 40px;
  height: 40px;
  border-radius: 8px;
  border: 1px solid var(--light-gray);
  background: var(--white);
  color: var(--primary-dark);
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  padding: 0;
  margin-right: 0.5rem;
  transition: border-color var(--transition), color var(--transition);
}

.btn-nav-search:hover {
  border-color: var(--accent-orange);
  color: var(--accent-orange);
}

.btn-submit-nav {
  margin-left: 0.25rem;
  white-space: nowrap;
}

.navbar-nav-actions {
  flex-shrink: 0;
  gap: 0.35rem;
}

/* ============================================
   JOURNALS PAGE
   ============================================ */
.journals-page {
  background: var(--white);
}

.journals-featured,
.journals-all {
  background: var(--white);
}

.journals-hero {
  padding: 6rem 0 6rem;
  min-height: 200px;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  background: var(--primary-navy);
}

.journals-hero::before {
  background:
    linear-gradient(100deg, rgba(7, 28, 58, 0.97) 0%, rgba(7, 28, 58, 0.9) 35%, rgba(7, 28, 58, 0.45) 55%, rgba(7, 28, 58, 0.12) 70%, transparent 84%),
    radial-gradient(circle at 8% 50%, rgba(197, 160, 89, 0.1) 0%, transparent 42%),
    repeating-linear-gradient(
      60deg,
      rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.04) 0,
      rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.04) 1px,
      transparent 1px,
      transparent 16px
    ),
    repeating-linear-gradient(
      -60deg,
      rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.04) 0,
      rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.04) 1px,
      transparent 1px,
      transparent 16px
    );
  z-index: 2;
}

.journals-hero .container {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 3;
}

.journals-hero-cover {
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  z-index: 0;
  overflow: hidden;
}

.journals-hero-cover img {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  object-fit: cover;
  object-position: center center;
  display: block;
}

.journals-hero-content {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 3;
  text-align: left;
  max-width: 560px;
}

.journals-hero .inner-breadcrumb {
  --bs-breadcrumb-divider: "/";
  font-size: 0.875rem;
  margin-bottom: 0.65rem;
}

.journals-hero h1 {
  font-size: 2.1rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
}

.journals-hero-desc {
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.88);
  line-height: 1.55;
  margin-bottom: 0;
  max-width: 520px;
}

.journals-hero-brand {
  position: absolute;
  right: clamp(1rem, 4vw, 2.5rem);
  bottom: 1rem;
  z-index: 3;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: center;
  text-align: center;
  color: var(--white);
  text-shadow: 0 2px 12px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.45);
}

.journals-hero-brand-icon {
  width: 48px;
  height: 48px;
  border-radius: 10px;
  background: linear-gradient(145deg, var(--accent-gold-dark) 0%, var(--accent-gold) 55%, var(--accent-gold-light) 100%);
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  font-size: 1.25rem;
  margin-bottom: 0.4rem;
  box-shadow: 0 6px 18px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.35);
}

.journals-hero-brand-name {
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: 0.06em;
}

.journals-hero-brand-tag {
  font-size: 0.58rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  opacity: 0.95;
}

.journals-toolbar-wrap {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 5;
  margin-top: -1.75rem;
  padding-bottom: 0.5rem;
}

.journals-toolbar-panel {
  background: var(--white);
  border: 1px solid #e4eaf3;
  border-radius: 14px;
  padding: 1.35rem 1.5rem 1.25rem;
  box-shadow: 0 12px 40px rgba(7, 28, 58, 0.1);
}

.journals-search-form {
  position: relative;
  margin-bottom: 1.15rem;
}

.journals-search-form i {
  position: absolute;
  left: 1.1rem;
  top: 50%;
  transform: translateY(-50%);
  color: #8a9bb0;
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  pointer-events: none;
}

.journals-search-form .form-control {
  padding: 0.85rem 1rem 0.85rem 2.75rem;
  border: 1px solid #d5dde8;
  border-radius: 10px;
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  box-shadow: 0 2px 10px rgba(7, 28, 58, 0.04);
}

.journals-search-form .form-control:focus {
  border-color: var(--primary-blue);
  box-shadow: 0 0 0 3px rgba(13, 47, 94, 0.1);
}

.journal-filters-block {
  padding-top: 1.1rem;
  border-top: 1px solid #eef2f7;
}

.journal-filters-head {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 0.75rem;
  margin-bottom: 0.85rem;
}

.journal-filters-label {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.45rem;
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--primary-navy);
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.05em;
}

.journal-filters-label i {
  color: var(--accent-gold);
  font-size: 0.72rem;
}

.journal-filters-hint {
  font-size: 0.74rem;
  color: #94a3b8;
  white-space: nowrap;
}

.journal-tabs-scroll {
  position: relative;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
}

.journal-tabs-wrap {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(4, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 0.55rem;
  margin-bottom: 0;
  overflow: visible;
  padding: 0;
}

.journal-tab {
  width: 100%;
  min-width: 0;
  border: 1px solid #dce3ed;
  background: #f8fafc;
  color: #334155;
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  padding: 0.55rem 0.75rem;
  border-radius: 8px;
  white-space: normal;
  text-align: center;
  line-height: 1.3;
  transition: background var(--transition), color var(--transition), border-color var(--transition), box-shadow var(--transition), transform var(--transition);
  cursor: pointer;
}

.journal-tab:hover {
  background: var(--white);
  border-color: var(--accent-gold);
  color: var(--primary-navy);
  box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(7, 28, 58, 0.06);
}

.journal-tab.active {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--primary-navy) 0%, var(--primary-blue) 100%);
  border-color: var(--primary-navy);
  color: var(--white);
  box-shadow: 0 4px 16px rgba(7, 28, 58, 0.2);
}

.journal-tab.active:hover {
  color: var(--white);
  border-color: var(--primary-navy);
  transform: translateY(-1px);
}

/* Featured Journals */
.journals-page .journals-featured.section-padding {
  padding-top: 1.75rem;
  padding-bottom: 0;
}

.journals-page .journals-all.section-padding {
  padding-top: 1.25rem;
}

.journals-section-head {
  margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
  align-items: flex-end;
}

.journal-feature-card {
  background: var(--white);
  border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
  border-radius: 10px;
  overflow: hidden;
  height: 100%;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  box-shadow: 0 2px 14px rgba(7, 28, 58, 0.07);
  transition: box-shadow var(--transition), transform var(--transition);
}

.journal-feature-card:hover {
  box-shadow: 0 10px 28px rgba(7, 28, 58, 0.12);
  transform: translateY(-4px);
}

.journal-feature-cover {
  position: relative;
  height: 148px;
  overflow: hidden;
  display: flex;
  align-items: flex-end;
  text-decoration: none;
  color: inherit;
}

.journal-feature-cover img {
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  object-fit: cover;
}

.cover-medical { background: linear-gradient(135deg, #0a6e8f 0%, #0d4a6e 100%); }
.cover-life { background: linear-gradient(135deg, #1f8f5c 0%, #145a42 100%); }
.cover-engineering { background: linear-gradient(135deg, #5a6478 0%, #3d4558 100%); }
.cover-computer { background: linear-gradient(135deg, #2563b8 0%, #1a3d7a 100%); }
.cover-pharma { background: linear-gradient(135deg, #8b4578 0%, #5c2d50 100%); }
.cover-environment { background: linear-gradient(135deg, #2d8f62 0%, #1a5c40 100%); }

.journal-feature-cover::after {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  background: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05) 0%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.55) 100%);
  z-index: 1;
}

.journal-feature-cover::before {
  display: none;
}

.journal-cover-title {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 2;
  width: 100%;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0.85rem 1rem;
  color: var(--white);
  font-size: 0.8rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: 0.05em;
  line-height: 1.3;
  text-align: left;
  text-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);
}

.journal-feature-body {
  padding: 1rem 1.15rem 1.2rem;
  flex: 1;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
}

.journal-feature-body h5 {
  font-size: 1rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--primary-dark);
  margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
  line-height: 1.35;
}

.journal-feature-body h5 a {
  color: inherit;
  text-decoration: none;
}

.journal-feature-body h5 a:hover {
  color: var(--accent-gold);
}

.journal-meta-block {
  margin-bottom: 0;
  flex: 0 0 auto;
}

.journal-meta-issn,
.journal-meta-cat {
  font-size: 0.8rem;
  color: #607089;
  margin: 0;
  line-height: 1.5;
  font-family: inherit;
}

.journal-meta-label {
  font-weight: 400;
  color: #607089;
}

.journal-meta-value {
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--primary-dark);
}

.journal-meta-value a {
  color: inherit;
  font-weight: 700;
  text-decoration: none;
}

.journal-meta-value a:hover {
  color: var(--accent-gold-dark);
  text-decoration: underline;
}

.journal-meta-issn {
  font-size: 0.78rem;
}

.journal-meta-cat {
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  margin-top: 0.15rem;
}

.journal-meta-cat a {
  color: inherit;
  font-weight: 700;
  text-decoration: none;
}

.journal-meta-cat a:hover {
  color: var(--accent-gold-dark);
  text-decoration: underline;
}

.journal-feature-actions {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: row;
  flex-wrap: nowrap;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.5rem;
  margin-top: auto;
  padding-top: 0.65rem;
}

.journal-feature-actions .btn-journal-outline,
.journal-feature-actions .btn-orange {
  flex: 1 1 0;
  min-height: 2.5rem;
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  font-size: 0.8rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  padding: 0.55rem 0.5rem;
  border-radius: 6px;
  text-align: center;
  line-height: 1.2;
  white-space: nowrap;
}

.btn-journal-outline {
  background: var(--white);
  border: 1px solid var(--btn-bg);
  color: var(--btn-bg);
}

.btn-journal-outline:hover {
  border-color: var(--btn-bg-hover);
  color: var(--btn-color);
  background: var(--btn-bg);
}

.journal-feature-actions .btn-orange {
  border: none;
  box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(197, 160, 89, 0.28);
}

.journal-feature-actions .btn-orange:hover {
  background: var(--btn-bg-hover);
}

.journal-item.is-hidden {
  display: none !important;
}

.journals-empty-msg {
  color: #607089;
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  padding: 2rem 0;
}

/* All Journals — image-on-top cards, white section */

.journals-all-header {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 1rem;
  margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
}

.journals-all-header .section-title.title-accent {
  margin-bottom: 0;
}

.journals-subject-group.is-hidden {
  display: none !important;
}

.journals-subject-title {
  color: var(--primary-dark);
  font-weight: 700;
}

.btn-show-filters {
  background: var(--btn-bg);
  border: 1px solid var(--btn-bg);
  color: var(--btn-color);
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  padding: 0.5rem 1rem;
  border-radius: 8px;
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.4rem;
}

.btn-show-filters:hover {
  background: var(--btn-bg-hover);
  border-color: var(--btn-bg-hover);
  color: var(--btn-color);
}

.journals-list-grid .journal-item.is-hidden,
.journals-list-grid .journal-item.is-paginated-hidden {
  display: none !important;
}

.journals-list-pagination {
  margin-top: 1.25rem;
}

.journals-pagination-status {
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  margin-bottom: 0.65rem;
}

.journals-list-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 0.85rem;
  align-items: stretch;
}

.journals-list-grid .journal-item {
  display: flex;
  min-width: 0;
}

@media (min-width: 576px) {
  .journals-list-grid {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
    gap: 0.8rem;
  }
}

@media (min-width: 768px) {
  .journals-list-grid {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(5, minmax(0, 1fr));
    gap: 0.85rem;
  }
}

@media (min-width: 1200px) {
  .journals-list-grid {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(5, minmax(0, 1fr));
    gap: 1rem;
  }
}

@media (min-width: 1400px) {
  .journals-list-grid {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(5, minmax(0, 1fr));
    gap: 1rem;
  }
}

.journals-featured-slide .journal-feature-card,
.journals-list-grid .journal-feature-card {
  width: 100%;
  max-width: 100%;
  margin-left: 0;
  margin-right: 0;
  height: 100%;
  min-height: 100%;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: flex-start;
  background: var(--white);
  border: 1px solid rgba(11, 34, 66, 0.12) !important;
  border-radius: 10px;
  box-shadow: 0 2px 12px rgba(7, 28, 58, 0.06);
  overflow: hidden;
  padding: 0.5rem 0.35rem 0.55rem;
  transition: border-color var(--transition), box-shadow var(--transition);
}

.journals-featured-slide .journal-feature-inner,
.journals-list-grid .journal-feature-inner {
  width: 100%;
  max-width: 100%;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: stretch;
  margin: 0;
}

.journals-featured-slide .journal-feature-cover.journal-feature-cover--flier,
.journals-list-grid .journal-feature-cover.journal-feature-cover--flier {
  position: relative;
  flex: 0 0 auto;
  width: 100%;
  aspect-ratio: 1 / 1;
  height: auto;
  min-height: 0;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  overflow: hidden;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  line-height: 0;
  font-size: 0;
  background: #fafbfc;
  border: none;
  border-radius: 0;
  box-shadow: none;
}

.journals-featured-slide .journal-feature-cover.journal-feature-cover--flier img,
.journals-list-grid .journal-feature-cover.journal-feature-cover--flier img,
.journals-featured-slide .journal-feature-cover--flier .journal-feature-flier-img,
.journals-list-grid .journal-feature-cover--flier .journal-feature-flier-img {
  position: static !important;
  inset: auto !important;
  width: 100% !important;
  height: 100% !important;
  max-width: 100%;
  max-height: 100%;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  display: block;
  box-sizing: border-box;
  object-fit: contain;
  object-position: center;
  border: none;
  border-radius: 0;
  box-shadow: none;
  background: transparent;
  transform: none;
  image-rendering: auto;
}

.journals-featured-slide .journal-feature-card:hover,
.journals-list-grid .journal-feature-card:hover {
  border-color: rgba(197, 160, 89, 0.45) !important;
  box-shadow: 0 6px 20px rgba(7, 28, 58, 0.1);
}

.journals-featured-slide .journal-feature-body,
.journals-list-grid .journal-feature-body {
  flex: 0 0 auto;
  width: 100%;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: stretch;
  padding: 0.45rem 0 0;
  background: transparent;
  border: none;
  border-radius: 0;
  box-shadow: none;
}

.journals-featured-slide .journal-feature-cover--flier::after,
.journals-list-grid .journal-feature-cover--flier::after {
  display: none;
}

.journals-featured-slide .journal-meta-block,
.journals-list-grid .journal-meta-block {
  flex: 0 0 auto;
  margin-bottom: 0;
  min-height: 0;
}

.journals-featured-slide .journal-feature-actions,
.journals-list-grid .journal-feature-actions {
  flex: 0 0 auto;
  width: 100%;
  margin-top: 0;
  padding-top: 0;
  gap: 0;
  flex-direction: row;
  flex-wrap: nowrap;
  justify-content: stretch;
  align-items: stretch;
}

.journals-featured-slide .journal-feature-actions .btn-journal-outline,
.journals-featured-slide .journal-feature-actions .btn-orange,
.journals-list-grid .journal-feature-actions .btn-orange {
  width: 100%;
  max-width: 100%;
  min-height: 1.65rem;
  padding: 0.32rem 0.5rem;
  font-size: 0.62rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: 0.02em;
  border-radius: 6px;
  white-space: nowrap;
  text-align: center;
  justify-content: center;
}

.journals-featured-slide .journal-feature-actions .btn-journal-outline {
  background: var(--white);
  border: 1px solid var(--btn-bg) !important;
  color: var(--btn-bg);
}

.journals-featured-slide .journal-feature-actions .btn-orange,
.journals-list-grid .journal-feature-actions .btn-orange {
  border: 1px solid var(--btn-bg) !important;
  box-shadow: none;
}

.journal-grid-badges {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 0.35rem;
}

.badge-open-access {
  display: inline-block;
  font-size: 0.68rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: #0c2340;
  background: #e8f5ee;
  border: 1px solid #c5e6d4;
  padding: 0.15rem 0.5rem;
  border-radius: 4px;
}

.badge-quarterly {
  display: inline-block;
  font-size: 0.68rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: #0c2340;
  background: #eef2f8;
  border: 1px solid #d5dde8;
  padding: 0.15rem 0.5rem;
  border-radius: 4px;
}

.badge-quality-assurance,
.badge-global-reach {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.25rem;
  font-size: 0.68rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  padding: 0.15rem 0.5rem;
  border-radius: 4px;
  line-height: 1.2;
}

.badge-quality-assurance {
  color: #0c2340;
  background: #faf3e3;
  border: 1px solid #ecd9a8;
}

.badge-quality-assurance i {
  font-size: 0.62rem;
}

.badge-global-reach {
  color: #0c2340;
  background: #e8f4fb;
  border: 1px solid #b9dce8;
}

.badge-global-reach i {
  font-size: 0.62rem;
}

.article-trust-badges {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 0.35rem;
  margin-top: 0.65rem;
}

.latest-articles-page .journal-grid-badges {
  margin-top: 0.45rem;
}

.btn-load-more-journals {
  background: var(--btn-bg);
  border: 1px solid var(--btn-bg);
  color: var(--btn-color);
  font-weight: 600;
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  padding: 0.65rem 1.75rem;
  border-radius: 8px;
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.5rem;
}

.btn-load-more-journals:hover {
  background: var(--btn-bg-hover);
  border-color: var(--btn-bg-hover);
  color: var(--btn-color);
}

.btn-load-more-journals i {
  font-size: 0.75rem;
}

.journals-cta-banner {
  background: linear-gradient(115deg, #06204a 0%, #0a3068 50%, #071c3a 100%);
  padding: 2rem 0;
  color: var(--white);
}

.journals-cta-inner {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 1.25rem 1.5rem;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.04);
  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);
  border-radius: 14px;
  padding: 1.5rem 1.75rem;
}

.journals-cta-icon {
  width: 52px;
  height: 52px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.12);
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  font-size: 1.25rem;
  flex-shrink: 0;
}

.journals-cta-text {
  flex: 1;
  min-width: 200px;
}

.journals-cta-text h4 {
  font-size: 1.2rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  margin-bottom: 0.35rem;
}

.journals-cta-text p {
  margin: 0;
  font-size: 0.88rem;
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.88);
}

.journals-section-head {
  margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
}

.journals-featured-carousel-wrap {
  position: relative;
  padding: 0 48px;
  margin-bottom: 0;
}

.journals-featured-track {
  display: flex;
  align-items: stretch;
  gap: 1rem;
  width: 100%;
  max-width: 100%;
  min-width: 0;
  overflow-x: auto;
  scroll-behavior: smooth;
  scrollbar-width: none;
  -webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch;
  scroll-snap-type: x mandatory;
  padding: 0.35rem 0.25rem 0;
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

.journals-featured-track::-webkit-scrollbar {
  display: none;
}

.journals-featured-slide {
  flex: 0 0 calc((100% - 4 * 1rem) / 5);
  width: calc((100% - 4 * 1rem) / 5);
  min-width: calc((100% - 4 * 1rem) / 5);
  scroll-snap-align: start;
  display: flex;
  align-items: stretch;
}

.journals-featured-slide.is-hidden {
  display: none;
}

.journals-featured-slide .journal-meta-issn,
.journals-featured-slide .journal-meta-cat {
  font-size: 0.72rem;
}

.journals-featured-prev {
  left: 0;
}

.journals-featured-next {
  right: 0;
}

.journals-indexing {
  padding-top: 2rem;
  padding-bottom: 2.5rem;
}

.journals-indexing-title {
  font-size: 1.15rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--primary-dark);
  margin-bottom: 1.25rem;
}

.journals-indexing .partners-box {
  margin: 0 auto;
  max-width: 100%;
}

.partner-quality-card {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  gap: 0.35rem;
  min-height: 62px;
  padding: 0.35rem 0.75rem;
}

.partner-quality-icon {
  font-size: 1.35rem;
  color: var(--accent-gold);
  line-height: 1;
}

.partner-quality-label {
  font-size: 0.72rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--primary-dark);
  text-align: center;
  line-height: 1.2;
  white-space: normal;
}

.partner-item-quality {
  flex: 0 0 auto;
  min-width: 88px;
}

.journals-reach-banner {
  background: linear-gradient(115deg, #06204a 0%, #0a3068 50%, #071c3a 100%);
  padding: 1.1rem 0;
  color: var(--white);
}

.journals-reach-inner {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  gap: 0.5rem 0.75rem;
  text-align: center;
}

.journals-reach-icon {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  width: 36px;
  height: 36px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.12);
  color: var(--accent-gold);
  font-size: 1rem;
}

.journals-reach-label {
  font-size: 1rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.92);
}

.journals-reach-value {
  font-size: 1.35rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  color: var(--accent-gold);
  line-height: 1;
}

.journals-reach-suffix {
  font-size: 1rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.92);
}

.journals-cta-banner {
  margin-bottom: 0;
}

@media (max-width: 1199.98px) {
  .journals-featured-slide {
    flex: 0 0 calc((100% - 2 * 1rem) / 3);
    width: calc((100% - 2 * 1rem) / 3);
    min-width: calc((100% - 2 * 1rem) / 3);
  }
}

@media (max-width: 991.98px) {
  .journal-tabs-wrap {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  }

  .journals-featured-slide {
    flex: 0 0 calc((100% - 1rem) / 2);
    width: calc((100% - 1rem) / 2);
    min-width: calc((100% - 1rem) / 2);
  }
}

@media (max-width: 575.98px) {
  .journals-hero {
    min-height: 160px;
    padding: 1.25rem 0;
  }

  .journals-hero h1 {
    font-size: 1.55rem;
  }

  .journals-hero-desc {
    font-size: 0.82rem;
  }

  .journals-hero-brand {
    right: 0.75rem;
    bottom: 0.65rem;
  }

  .journals-toolbar-panel {
    padding: 1rem 1.1rem;
  }

  .journals-toolbar-wrap {
    margin-top: -1.25rem;
  }

  .journal-tabs-wrap {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .journals-featured-carousel-wrap {
    padding: 0 2.25rem;
  }

  .subjects-carousel-shell .subjects-nav {
    flex-basis: 32px;
    width: 32px;
    height: 32px;
    font-size: 0.68rem;
  }

  .subjects-carousel-viewport .subjects-track {
    --subject-cols: 2;
  }

  .subjects-track .subject-card {
    min-height: 170px;
    padding: 1rem 0.6rem;
  }

  .journals-featured-slide {
    flex: 0 0 100%;
    width: 100%;
    min-width: 100%;
  }

  .journal-feature-cover {
    height: 130px;
  }

  .journal-feature-actions {
    flex-direction: column;
  }

  .journals-featured-slide .journal-feature-actions,
  .journals-list-grid .journal-feature-actions {
    flex-direction: row;
  }

  .journals-cta-inner {
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: flex-start;
    padding: 1.25rem;
  }
}

/* ============================================
   CONTACT PAGE
   ============================================ */
.contact-page {
  background: #f5f7fb;
}

/* Contact page hero — same journal-style banner strip */
.contact-page-hero.journals-hero {
  padding: 1.75rem 0 2.25rem;
  min-height: 200px;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  background: var(--primary-navy);
}

.contact-page-hero.journals-hero .journals-hero-content {
  margin-top: 0.35rem;
}

.contact-page-hero.journals-hero h1 {
  font-size: 2.1rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
}

/* APC Information page hero — same journal-style banner strip */
.apc-information-hero.journals-hero {
  padding: 1.75rem 0 2.25rem;
  min-height: 200px;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  background: var(--primary-navy);
}

.apc-information-hero.journals-hero .journals-hero-content {
  margin-top: 0.35rem;
}

.apc-information-hero.journals-hero h1 {
  font-size: 2.1rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  margin-bottom: 0;
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
}

.contact-hero {
  padding: 1.75rem 0 2.25rem;
  min-height: 200px;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  background: var(--primary-navy);
}

.contact-hero::before {
  background:
    linear-gradient(100deg, rgba(7, 28, 58, 0.97) 0%, rgba(7, 28, 58, 0.9) 35%, rgba(7, 28, 58, 0.45) 55%, rgba(7, 28, 58, 0.12) 70%, transparent 84%),
    radial-gradient(circle at 8% 50%, rgba(96, 165, 250, 0.12) 0%, transparent 42%),
    repeating-linear-gradient(
      60deg,
      rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.04) 0,
      rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.04) 1px,
      transparent 1px,
      transparent 16px
    ),
    repeating-linear-gradient(
      -60deg,
      rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.04) 0,
      rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.04) 1px,
      transparent 1px,
      transparent 16px
    );
  z-index: 2;
}

.contact-hero .container {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 3;
}

.contact-hero-cover {
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  z-index: 0;
  overflow: hidden;
}

.contact-hero-cover img {
  width: 100%;
  height: 162%;
  object-fit: cover;
  object-position: center center;
  display: block;
}

.contact-hero-content {
  text-align: left;
  max-width: 560px;
}

.contact-hero .inner-breadcrumb {
  --bs-breadcrumb-divider: "/";
  font-size: 0.875rem;
  margin-bottom: 0.65rem;
}

.contact-hero h1 {
  font-size: 2.1rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
}

.contact-hero-desc {
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.88);
  line-height: 1.55;
  margin-bottom: 0;
  max-width: 520px;
}

.contact-hero-brand {
  position: absolute;
  right: clamp(1rem, 4vw, 2.5rem);
  bottom: 1rem;
  z-index: 3;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: center;
  text-align: center;
  color: var(--white);
  text-shadow: 0 2px 12px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.45);
}

.contact-hero-brand-icon {
  width: 48px;
  height: 48px;
  border-radius: 10px;
  background: linear-gradient(145deg, var(--accent-gold-dark) 0%, var(--accent-gold) 55%, var(--accent-gold-light) 100%);
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  font-size: 1.25rem;
  margin-bottom: 0.4rem;
  box-shadow: 0 6px 18px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.35);
}

.contact-hero-brand-name {
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: 0.06em;
}

.contact-hero-brand-tag {
  font-size: 0.58rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  opacity: 0.95;
}

.contact-main {
  background: var(--white);
}

.contact-info-panel,
.contact-form-panel {
  background: var(--white);
  border: 1px solid #e4eaf3;
  border-radius: 12px;
  padding: 1.75rem 1.5rem;
  height: 100%;
  box-shadow: 0 2px 14px rgba(7, 28, 58, 0.06);
}

.contact-panel-title {
  font-size: 1.35rem;
  margin-bottom: 1.25rem;
}

.contact-info-list {
  list-style: none;
  padding: 0;
  margin: 0 0 1.5rem;
}

.contact-info-list li {
  display: flex;
  gap: 1rem;
  align-items: flex-start;
  margin-bottom: 1.15rem;
}

.contact-info-icon {
  flex-shrink: 0;
  width: 44px;
  height: 44px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: var(--primary-navy);
  color: var(--white);
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  font-size: 1rem;
}

.contact-info-list strong {
  display: block;
  font-size: 0.88rem;
  color: var(--primary-dark);
  margin-bottom: 0.2rem;
}

.contact-info-list p {
  margin: 0;
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  color: #607089;
  line-height: 1.5;
}

.contact-info-list a {
  color: #2d4a6e;
}

.contact-info-list a:hover {
  color: var(--accent-orange);
}

.contact-why-title {
  font-size: 1rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--primary-dark);
  margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
}

.contact-why-list {
  list-style: none;
  padding: 0;
  margin: 0;
}

.contact-why-list li {
  display: flex;
  align-items: flex-start;
  gap: 0.5rem;
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  color: #52657d;
  margin-bottom: 0.45rem;
  line-height: 1.45;
}

.contact-why-list i {
  color: var(--accent-orange);
  margin-top: 0.2rem;
  font-size: 0.75rem;
}

.contact-form .form-label {
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--primary-dark);
  margin-bottom: 0.35rem;
}

.text-required {
  color: #c62828;
}

.contact-form .form-control,
.contact-form .form-select {
  border: 1px solid #d5dde8;
  border-radius: 8px;
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  padding: 0.55rem 0.75rem;
}

.contact-form .form-control:focus,
.contact-form .form-select:focus {
  border-color: var(--accent-orange);
  box-shadow: 0 0 0 0.2rem rgba(197, 160, 89, 0.15);
}

.btn-contact-submit {
  font-weight: 700;
  padding: 0.75rem 1.25rem;
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  gap: 0.5rem;
}

.contact-dept-card {
  background: var(--white);
  border: 1px solid #e4eaf3;
  border-radius: 12px;
  padding: 1.5rem 1.25rem;
  text-align: center;
  height: 100%;
  box-shadow: 0 2px 12px rgba(7, 28, 58, 0.05);
  transition: box-shadow var(--transition), transform var(--transition);
}

.contact-dept-card:hover {
  box-shadow: 0 8px 24px rgba(7, 28, 58, 0.1);
  transform: translateY(-3px);
}

.contact-dept-icon {
  width: 56px;
  height: 56px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: var(--primary-navy);
  color: var(--white);
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  font-size: 1.25rem;
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.contact-dept-card h6 {
  font-size: 1rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--primary-dark);
  margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}

.contact-dept-card p {
  font-size: 0.82rem;
  color: #607089;
  line-height: 1.5;
  margin-bottom: 0.85rem;
}

.contact-dept-email {
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: #2d4a6e;
  word-break: break-all;
}

.contact-dept-email i {
  margin-right: 0.25rem;
  color: var(--accent-orange);
}

.contact-dept-email:hover {
  color: var(--accent-orange);
}

.contact-stats {
  background: #eef2f7;
}

.contact-stats-desc {
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  color: #607089;
  line-height: 1.6;
  margin-bottom: 0;
}

.contact-stat-card {
  background: var(--white);
  border: 1px solid #e4eaf3;
  border-radius: 12px;
  padding: 1.25rem 0.75rem;
  text-align: center;
  height: 100%;
  box-shadow: 0 2px 10px rgba(7, 28, 58, 0.05);
}

.contact-stat-icon {
  width: 48px;
  height: 48px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  border: 2px solid rgba(13, 47, 94, 0.2);
  color: var(--primary-blue);
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  font-size: 1.1rem;
  margin-bottom: 0.65rem;
}

.contact-stat-card strong {
  display: block;
  font-size: 1.5rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  color: var(--primary-dark);
  line-height: 1.2;
}

.contact-stat-card > span:last-child {
  font-size: 0.8rem;
  color: #607089;
}

.contact-location-desc {
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  color: #607089;
  line-height: 1.6;
  margin-bottom: 1.25rem;
}

.contact-address-box {
  background: #f8fafc;
  border: 1px solid #e4eaf3;
  border-radius: 10px;
  padding: 1.15rem 1.25rem;
}

.contact-address-box p {
  margin: 0 0 0.75rem;
  font-size: 0.88rem;
  color: #52657d;
  line-height: 1.55;
}

.contact-address-box i {
  color: var(--accent-orange);
  margin-right: 0.35rem;
}

.contact-directions-link {
  font-size: 0.88rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--accent-orange);
}

.contact-directions-link:hover {
  color: var(--accent-orange-hover);
}

.contact-map-wrap {
  border-radius: 12px;
  overflow: hidden;
  border: 1px solid #e4eaf3;
  min-height: 320px;
  height: 100%;
  box-shadow: 0 4px 20px rgba(7, 28, 58, 0.08);
}

.contact-map-wrap iframe {
  display: block;
  min-height: 320px;
}

@media (max-width: 575.98px) {
  .contact-hero {
    min-height: 160px;
    padding: 1.25rem 0;
  }

  .contact-hero h1 {
    font-size: 1.55rem;
  }

  .contact-hero-brand {
    right: 0.75rem;
    bottom: 0.65rem;
  }

  .contact-info-panel,
  .contact-form-panel {
    padding: 1.25rem 1.1rem;
  }
}

/* ============================================
   SUBMIT MANUSCRIPT PAGE
   ============================================ */
.submit-manuscript-page {
  background: var(--white);
}

.submit-manuscript-hero {
  padding: 1.75rem 0 2rem;
  min-height: 160px;
}

.submit-manuscript-hero-cover {
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  z-index: 0;
  overflow: hidden;
}

.submit-manuscript-hero-cover img {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  object-fit: cover;
  object-position: center center;
  display: block;
}

.submit-manuscript-hero-content {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 2;
}

.submit-manuscript-hero h1 {
  font-size: 2rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  margin-bottom: 0;
}

.submit-manuscript-main {
  padding-top: 2.5rem;
  padding-bottom: 4rem;
}

.submit-manuscript-intro {
  text-align: center;
  margin-bottom: 2rem;
  padding-bottom: 1.75rem;
  border-bottom: 1px solid #e4eaf3;
}

.submit-manuscript-intro-title {
  font-size: 1.45rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--primary-dark);
  margin-bottom: 0.85rem;
}

.submit-manuscript-intro-text {
  font-size: 0.92rem;
  color: #607089;
  line-height: 1.65;
  max-width: 760px;
  margin: 0 auto;
}

.submit-manuscript-intro-text a {
  color: var(--accent-orange);
  font-weight: 600;
}

.submit-form-panel {
  background: var(--white);
  border: 1px solid #e4eaf3;
  border-radius: 12px;
  padding: 1.75rem 1.5rem 2rem;
  box-shadow: 0 2px 14px rgba(7, 28, 58, 0.06);
}

.submit-manuscript-form .form-label {
  font-size: 0.88rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--primary-dark);
  margin-bottom: 0.35rem;
}

.submit-manuscript-form .form-control,
.submit-manuscript-form .form-select {
  border-color: #d8e0ec;
  border-radius: 8px;
  font-size: 0.9rem;
}

.submit-manuscript-form .form-control:focus,
.submit-manuscript-form .form-select:focus {
  border-color: var(--accent-orange);
  box-shadow: 0 0 0 0.2rem rgba(197, 160, 89, 0.12);
}

.submit-captcha-box {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.75rem;
}

.submit-captcha-code {
  flex-shrink: 0;
  min-width: 88px;
  padding: 0.55rem 0.85rem;
  border-radius: 8px;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #eef3fa 0%, #dfe8f5 100%);
  border: 1px dashed #9eb4d0;
  color: var(--primary-navy);
  font-size: 1.15rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.18em;
  text-align: center;
  user-select: none;
}

.submit-manuscript-form .form-check-label {
  font-size: 0.88rem;
  color: #4a6078;
}

.submit-manuscript-form .form-check-label a {
  color: var(--accent-orange);
  font-weight: 600;
}

.submit-form-actions {
  margin-top: 0.5rem;
  padding-top: 0.75rem;
  border-top: 1px solid #edf1f7;
}

@media (max-width: 767.98px) {
  .submit-manuscript-hero h1 {
    font-size: 1.55rem;
  }

  .submit-form-panel {
    padding: 1.25rem 1.1rem 1.5rem;
  }

  .submit-captcha-box {
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: stretch;
  }

  .submit-captcha-code {
    width: 100%;
  }
}

/* ============================================
   PUBLISHER POLICIES PAGE
   ============================================ */
.policies-page {
  background: var(--white);
}

.policies-hero {
  padding: 6rem 0 6rem;
  min-height: 200px;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  background: var(--primary-navy);
}

.policies-hero::before {
  background:
    linear-gradient(100deg, rgba(7, 28, 58, 0.97) 0%, rgba(7, 28, 58, 0.9) 35%, rgba(7, 28, 58, 0.45) 55%, rgba(7, 28, 58, 0.12) 70%, transparent 84%),
    radial-gradient(circle at 8% 50%, rgba(197, 160, 89, 0.08) 0%, transparent 42%),
    repeating-linear-gradient(
      60deg,
      rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.04) 0,
      rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.04) 1px,
      transparent 1px,
      transparent 16px
    ),
    repeating-linear-gradient(
      -60deg,
      rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.04) 0,
      rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.04) 1px,
      transparent 1px,
      transparent 16px
    );
  z-index: 2;
}

.policies-hero .container {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 3;
}

.policies-hero-cover {
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  z-index: 0;
  overflow: hidden;
}

.policies-hero-cover img {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  object-fit: cover;
  display: block;
}

.policies-hero-content {
  text-align: left;
  max-width: 560px;
}

.policies-hero .inner-breadcrumb {
  --bs-breadcrumb-divider: "/";
  font-size: 0.875rem;
  margin-bottom: 0.65rem;
}

.policies-hero h1 {
  font-size: 2.1rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}

.policies-hero-desc {
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.88);
  line-height: 1.55;
  margin-bottom: 0;
  max-width: 520px;
}

.policies-hero-brand {
  position: absolute;
  right: clamp(1rem, 4vw, 2.5rem);
  bottom: 1rem;
  z-index: 3;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: center;
  color: var(--white);
  text-shadow: 0 2px 12px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.45);
}

.policies-hero-brand-icon {
  width: 48px;
  height: 48px;
  border-radius: 10px;
  background: linear-gradient(145deg, var(--accent-gold-dark) 0%, var(--accent-gold) 55%, var(--accent-gold-light) 100%);
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  font-size: 1.25rem;
  margin-bottom: 0.4rem;
}

.policies-hero-brand-name {
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: 0.06em;
}

.policies-hero-brand-tag {
  font-size: 0.58rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  opacity: 0.95;
}

.policies-main {
  background: var(--white);
}

.policies-sidebar {
  background: var(--white);
  border: 1px solid #e4eaf3;
  border-radius: 12px;
  padding: 1.35rem 0;
  box-shadow: 0 2px 14px rgba(7, 28, 58, 0.06);
  position: sticky;
  top: calc(var(--navbar-height) + 1rem);
}

.policies-sidebar-title {
  font-size: 1.15rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  color: var(--primary-dark);
  padding: 0 1.25rem 1rem;
  margin: 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid #eef2f7;
}

.policies-nav {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  padding: 0.5rem 0;
}

.policies-nav-link {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  text-align: left;
  border: none;
  border-left: 3px solid transparent;
  background: transparent;
  color: #52657d;
  font-size: 0.88rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  padding: 0.65rem 1.25rem;
  transition: background var(--transition), color var(--transition), border-color var(--transition);
}

.policies-nav-link:hover {
  background: #f4f8fc;
  color: var(--primary-dark);
}

.policies-nav-link.active {
  background: #eef6fc;
  border-left-color: var(--accent-orange);
  color: var(--primary-dark);
  font-weight: 600;
}

.policies-download-card {
  margin: 1rem 1.25rem 0.5rem;
  padding: 1.15rem 1rem;
  border: 1px solid #e4eaf3;
  border-radius: 10px;
  background: #f8fafc;
  text-align: center;
}

.policies-download-icon {
  display: inline-flex;
  width: 44px;
  height: 44px;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  font-size: 1.35rem;
  color: #c62828;
  margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}

.policies-download-text {
  font-size: 0.88rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--primary-dark);
  margin: 0 0 0.5rem;
}

.policies-download-link {
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--accent-orange);
}

.policies-download-link:hover {
  color: var(--accent-orange-hover);
}

.policies-content-panel {
  background: var(--white);
  border: 1px solid #e4eaf3;
  border-radius: 12px;
  padding: 1.75rem 2rem 2rem;
  box-shadow: 0 2px 14px rgba(7, 28, 58, 0.06);
}

.policies-content-panel[hidden] {
  display: none !important;
}

.policies-content-head {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 0.75rem 1rem;
  margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
  padding-bottom: 1rem;
  border-bottom: 1px solid #eef2f7;
}

.policies-content-head h2 {
  font-size: 1.65rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  color: var(--primary-dark);
  margin: 0;
}

.policies-download-single {
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: #2d4a6e;
}

.policies-download-single i {
  margin-right: 0.35rem;
  color: var(--accent-orange);
}

.policies-download-single:hover {
  color: var(--accent-orange);
}

.policies-prose {
  color: #4a5f78;
  font-size: 0.92rem;
  line-height: 1.7;
}

.policies-section-block h3 {
  font-size: 1.05rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--primary-dark);
  margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
}

.policies-section-block p {
  margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
}

.policies-section-block ul {
  margin: 0;
  padding-left: 0;
  list-style: none;
}

.policies-section-block li {
  position: relative;
  padding-left: 1.15rem;
  margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}

.policies-section-block li::before {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  left: 0;
  top: 0.55em;
  width: 6px;
  height: 6px;
  background: var(--accent-orange);
  border-radius: 1px;
}

.policies-divider {
  border: none;
  border-top: 1px solid #e8edf3;
  margin: 1.5rem 0;
}

.policies-updated {
  margin-top: 2rem;
  margin-bottom: 0;
  font-size: 0.82rem;
  color: #8a9bb0;
}

@media (max-width: 991.98px) {
  .policies-sidebar {
    position: static;
  }

  .policies-nav {
    flex-direction: row;
    flex-wrap: nowrap;
    overflow-x: auto;
    padding: 0.5rem 0.75rem;
    gap: 0.25rem;
    -webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch;
  }

  .policies-nav-link {
    flex-shrink: 0;
    border-left: none;
    border-bottom: 3px solid transparent;
    border-radius: 6px;
    padding: 0.5rem 0.85rem;
    white-space: nowrap;
  }

  .policies-nav-link.active {
    border-left: none;
    border-bottom-color: var(--accent-orange);
  }

  .policies-download-card {
    display: none;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 575.98px) {
  .policies-hero h1 {
    font-size: 1.55rem;
  }

  .policies-content-panel {
    padding: 1.25rem 1.1rem 1.5rem;
  }

  .policies-content-head h2 {
    font-size: 1.35rem;
  }
}

/* ============================================
   INDEXING PAGE
   ============================================ */
.indexing-page {
  background: var(--white);
}

.indexing-hero {
  padding: 1.75rem 0 2.25rem;
  min-height: 200px;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  background: var(--primary-navy);
}

.indexing-hero::before {
  background:
    linear-gradient(100deg, rgba(7, 28, 58, 0.97) 0%, rgba(7, 28, 58, 0.9) 35%, rgba(7, 28, 58, 0.45) 55%, rgba(7, 28, 58, 0.12) 70%, transparent 84%),
    radial-gradient(circle at 8% 50%, rgba(197, 160, 89, 0.1) 0%, transparent 42%),
    repeating-linear-gradient(
      60deg,
      rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.04) 0,
      rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.04) 1px,
      transparent 1px,
      transparent 16px
    ),
    repeating-linear-gradient(
      -60deg,
      rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.04) 0,
      rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.04) 1px,
      transparent 1px,
      transparent 16px
    );
  z-index: 2;
}

.indexing-hero .container {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 3;
}

.indexing-hero-cover {
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  z-index: 0;
  overflow: hidden;
}

.indexing-hero-cover img {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  object-fit: cover;
  object-position: center center;
  display: block;
}

.indexing-hero-content {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 3;
  text-align: left;
  max-width: 560px;
}

.indexing-hero .inner-breadcrumb {
  --bs-breadcrumb-divider: "/";
  font-size: 0.875rem;
  margin-bottom: 0.65rem;
  justify-content: flex-start;
}

.indexing-hero h1 {
  font-size: 2.1rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  margin-bottom: 0;
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
}

.indexing-hero-brand {
  position: absolute;
  right: clamp(1rem, 4vw, 2.5rem);
  bottom: 1rem;
  z-index: 3;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: center;
  text-align: center;
  color: var(--white);
  text-shadow: 0 2px 12px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.45);
}

.indexing-hero-brand-icon {
  width: 48px;
  height: 48px;
  border-radius: 10px;
  background: linear-gradient(145deg, var(--accent-gold-dark) 0%, var(--accent-gold) 55%, var(--accent-gold-light) 100%);
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  font-size: 1.25rem;
  margin-bottom: 0.4rem;
  box-shadow: 0 6px 18px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.35);
}

.indexing-hero-brand-name {
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: 0.06em;
  line-height: 1.2;
}

.indexing-hero-brand-tag {
  font-size: 0.58rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  opacity: 0.95;
}

.indexing-intro {
  padding-top: 1.25rem;
  padding-bottom: 0.75rem;
}

.indexing-intro-title {
  margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
}

.indexing-intro-desc {
  max-width: 760px;
  color: var(--text-muted);
  font-size: 1rem;
  line-height: 1.7;
  margin-bottom: 0;
}

.indexing-logos-section {
  padding-top: 1rem;
}

.indexing-logos-head {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 1rem;
  margin-bottom: 1.15rem;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
}

.indexing-section-title {
  font-size: 1.35rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--primary-dark);
  margin: 0;
}

.indexing-logos-count {
  font-size: 0.875rem;
  color: var(--text-muted);
}

.indexing-logos-grid {
  align-items: stretch;
}

.indexing-logo-card {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  height: 100%;
  min-height: 190px;
  padding: 1.25rem 1rem 1rem;
  background: var(--white);
  border: 1px solid #e5eaf3;
  border-radius: 12px;
  box-shadow: 0 8px 24px rgba(11, 35, 85, 0.05);
  text-decoration: none;
  color: inherit;
  transition: transform 0.2s ease, box-shadow 0.2s ease, border-color 0.2s ease;
}

.indexing-logo-card:hover {
  transform: translateY(-3px);
  border-color: #c9d8f0;
  box-shadow: 0 14px 32px rgba(11, 35, 85, 0.1);
  color: inherit;
}

.indexing-logo-card-static {
  cursor: default;
}

.indexing-logo-card-static:hover {
  transform: none;
  box-shadow: 0 8px 24px rgba(11, 35, 85, 0.05);
  border-color: #e5eaf3;
}

.indexing-logo-media {
  flex: 1 1 auto;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  min-height: 96px;
  padding: 0.5rem;
}

.indexing-logo-img {
  display: block;
  width: auto;
  height: auto;
  max-width: 100%;
  max-height: 72px;
  object-fit: contain;
}

.indexing-logo-fallback {
  display: inline-block;
  text-align: center;
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  line-height: 1.35;
  color: var(--primary-dark);
}

.indexing-logo-footer {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 0.5rem;
  margin-top: 0.75rem;
  padding-top: 0.75rem;
  border-top: 1px solid #edf1f8;
}

.indexing-logo-name {
  font-size: 0.8125rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: #22334f;
  line-height: 1.35;
}

.indexing-logo-link {
  flex-shrink: 0;
  width: 28px;
  height: 28px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  background: #f0f6ff;
  color: var(--primary-blue);
  font-size: 0.72rem;
}

.indexing-empty-state {
  text-align: center;
  padding: 3rem 1.5rem;
  background: var(--white);
  border: 1px dashed #d8deec;
  border-radius: 12px;
}

.indexing-empty-state i {
  font-size: 2rem;
  color: #9aacc8;
  margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
}

.indexing-empty-state p {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--text-muted);
}

.indexing-benefit-card {
  height: 100%;
  padding: 1.375rem;
  background: var(--white);
  border: 1px solid #e9edf5;
  border-radius: 12px;
  box-shadow: 0 8px 24px rgba(11, 35, 85, 0.04);
}

.indexing-benefit-icon {
  width: 44px;
  height: 44px;
  border-radius: 10px;
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  background: #f0f6ff;
  color: var(--primary-blue);
  font-size: 1.1rem;
  margin-bottom: 0.875rem;
}

.indexing-benefit-card h4 {
  font-size: 1.05rem;
  color: var(--primary-dark);
  margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}

.indexing-benefit-card p {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--text-muted);
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  line-height: 1.65;
}

.indexing-cta {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #0f2f6d 0%, #123470 100%);
  padding: 2rem 0;
}

.indexing-cta-inner {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 1.25rem;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
}

.indexing-cta-icon {
  width: 52px;
  height: 52px;
  border-radius: 12px;
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.12);
  color: var(--white);
  font-size: 1.25rem;
  flex-shrink: 0;
}

.indexing-cta-text {
  flex: 1 1 260px;
}

.indexing-cta-text h4 {
  color: var(--white);
  margin-bottom: 0.35rem;
  font-size: 1.2rem;
}

.indexing-cta-text p {
  margin: 0;
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.82);
  font-size: 0.925rem;
}

@media (max-width: 991.98px) {
  .indexing-hero {
    min-height: 160px;
    padding: 1.25rem 0;
  }

  .indexing-hero h1 {
    font-size: 1.75rem;
  }

  .indexing-hero-brand {
    right: 0.75rem;
    bottom: 0.65rem;
  }

  .indexing-hero-brand-icon {
    width: 40px;
    height: 40px;
    font-size: 1rem;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 575.98px) {
  .indexing-hero-brand {
    display: none;
  }

  .indexing-logo-card {
    min-height: 170px;
  }

  .indexing-cta-inner {
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: flex-start;
  }
}

/* ============================================
   AUTHOR GUIDELINES PAGE
   ============================================ */
.author-guidelines-page {
  background: var(--white);
}

body.author-guidelines-page {
  scroll-padding-top: var(--scroll-offset);
}

.author-guidelines-main {
  background: var(--white);
}

.author-guidelines-hero {
  padding: 6rem 0 6rem;
  min-height: 240px;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  background: var(--primary-navy);
}

.author-guidelines-hero::before {
  background:
    linear-gradient(100deg, rgba(7, 28, 58, 0.97) 0%, rgba(7, 28, 58, 0.9) 35%, rgba(7, 28, 58, 0.45) 55%, rgba(7, 28, 58, 0.12) 70%, transparent 84%),
    radial-gradient(circle at 8% 50%, rgba(197, 160, 89, 0.08) 0%, transparent 42%),
    repeating-linear-gradient(
      60deg,
      rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.04) 0,
      rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.04) 1px,
      transparent 1px,
      transparent 16px
    ),
    repeating-linear-gradient(
      -60deg,
      rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.04) 0,
      rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.04) 1px,
      transparent 1px,
      transparent 16px
    );
  z-index: 2;
}

.author-guidelines-hero .container {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 3;
}

.author-guidelines-hero-cover {
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  z-index: 0;
  overflow: hidden;
}

.author-guidelines-hero-cover img {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  object-fit: cover;
  display: block;
}

.author-guidelines-hero-content {
  text-align: left;
  max-width: 560px;
}

.author-guidelines-hero .inner-breadcrumb {
  --bs-breadcrumb-divider: "/";
  font-size: 0.875rem;
  margin-bottom: 0.65rem;
}

.author-guidelines-hero .breadcrumb-item a {
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.85);
}

.author-guidelines-hero .breadcrumb-item a:hover {
  color: var(--accent-orange);
}

.author-guidelines-hero .breadcrumb-item.active {
  color: var(--accent-orange);
}

.author-guidelines-hero .breadcrumb-item + .breadcrumb-item::before {
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.55);
}

.author-guidelines-hero h1 {
  font-size: 2.5rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  margin-bottom: 0.65rem;
  color: var(--white);
}

.author-guidelines-hero-desc {
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.88);
  line-height: 1.55;
  margin-bottom: 0;
  max-width: 520px;
}

.author-guidelines-hero-brand {
  position: absolute;
  right: clamp(1rem, 4vw, 2.5rem);
  bottom: 1rem;
  z-index: 3;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: center;
  color: var(--white);
  text-shadow: 0 2px 12px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.45);
}

.author-guidelines-hero-brand-icon {
  width: 48px;
  height: 48px;
  border-radius: 10px;
  background: linear-gradient(145deg, var(--accent-gold-dark) 0%, var(--accent-gold) 55%, var(--accent-gold-light) 100%);
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  font-size: 1.25rem;
  margin-bottom: 0.4rem;
}

.author-guidelines-hero-brand-name {
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: 0.06em;
}

.author-guidelines-hero-brand-tag {
  font-size: 0.58rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  opacity: 0.95;
}

.author-guidelines-sidebar {
  background: var(--white);
  border: 1px solid #e8edf3;
  border-radius: 8px;
  padding: 1.25rem 0;
  box-shadow: none;
  position: sticky;
  top: var(--scroll-offset);
  max-height: calc(100vh - var(--scroll-offset) - 1rem);
  overflow-y: auto;
}

.author-sidebar-title {
  font-size: 1.15rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  color: var(--primary-dark);
  padding: 0 1.25rem 1rem;
  margin: 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid #eef2f7;
}

.author-sidebar-nav {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  padding: 0.5rem 0;
}

.author-sidebar-link {
  display: block;
  border-left: 3px solid transparent;
  color: #52657d;
  font-size: 0.84rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  padding: 0.55rem 1.15rem;
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: background var(--transition), color var(--transition), border-color var(--transition);
}

.author-sidebar-link:hover {
  background: #f4f8fc;
  color: var(--primary-dark);
}

.author-sidebar-link.active {
  background: #eef6fc;
  border-left-width: 4px;
  border-left-color: var(--accent-orange);
  color: var(--primary-dark);
  font-weight: 600;
  padding-left: calc(1.25rem - 1px);
}

.author-help-card {
  margin: 1rem 1.25rem 0.5rem;
  padding: 1.15rem 1rem;
  border: 1px solid #e4eaf3;
  border-radius: 10px;
  background: var(--white);
  text-align: center;
}

.author-help-icon {
  display: inline-flex;
  font-size: 1.5rem;
  color: var(--primary-blue);
  margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}

.author-help-title {
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--primary-dark);
  margin: 0 0 0.35rem;
}

.author-help-text {
  font-size: 0.8rem;
  color: #6b7f94;
  margin: 0 0 0.65rem;
  line-height: 1.45;
}

.author-help-link {
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--accent-orange);
}

.author-help-link:hover {
  color: var(--accent-orange-hover);
}

/* Author guidelines — main body */
.author-guidelines-body {
  color: #4a5f78;
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  line-height: 1.65;
}

.ag-block {
  margin-bottom: 1.75rem;
  padding-bottom: 1.75rem;
  border-bottom: 1px solid #eef2f7;
  scroll-margin-top: var(--scroll-offset);
}

#faqs.ag-block {
  border-bottom: none;
  padding-bottom: 0;
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.ag-block p {
  margin-bottom: 0;
}

.ag-overview-row {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 1.25rem 1.5rem;
  align-items: flex-start;
}

.ag-overview-content {
  flex: 1;
  min-width: min(100%, 320px);
}

.ag-panel-row {
  margin-bottom: 1.75rem;
}

.ag-panel {
  background: #f8fafc;
  border: 1px solid #e8edf3;
  border-radius: 10px;
  padding: 1.25rem 1.15rem;
  height: 100%;
  scroll-margin-top: var(--scroll-offset);
}

.ag-panel-apc {
  background: #fffaf5;
  border-color: #ffe8d4;
}

.ag-panel-apc .ag-section-title {
  margin-bottom: 0.65rem;
}

.ag-section-title {
  font-size: 1.1rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  color: var(--primary-dark);
  margin-bottom: 0.85rem;
  padding-bottom: 0;
  border-bottom: none;
}

.ag-subheading {
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--primary-dark);
  margin-bottom: 0.65rem;
}

.ag-subheading + .ag-list {
  margin-bottom: 0.85rem;
}

@media (min-width: 768px) {
  .ag-two-col > .col-md-6:first-child {
    border-right: 1px solid #eef2f7;
    padding-right: 1.5rem;
  }

  .ag-two-col > .col-md-6:last-child {
    padding-left: 0.5rem;
  }
}

.ag-panel .ag-section-title {
  font-size: 1rem;
  color: var(--primary-blue);
}

.ag-panel .ag-subheading {
  font-size: 0.88rem;
  margin-top: 0.5rem;
  margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}

.ag-panel .ag-subheading:first-of-type {
  margin-top: 0;
}

.ag-downloads-box {
  flex: 0 0 215px;
  max-width: 100%;
  background: #f5f8fb;
  border: 1px solid #e4eaf3;
  border-radius: 10px;
  padding: 1.1rem 1rem;
}

.ag-format-band {
  background: #f8fafc;
  border: 1px solid #e8edf3;
  border-radius: 10px;
  padding: 1.25rem 1rem;
}

.ag-downloads-title {
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--primary-dark);
  margin-bottom: 0.85rem;
}

.ag-downloads-title i {
  color: var(--accent-orange);
  margin-right: 0.4rem;
}

.ag-downloads-list {
  list-style: none;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
}

.ag-downloads-list li {
  margin-bottom: 0.55rem;
}

.ag-downloads-list a {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.5rem;
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: #2d4a6e;
  text-decoration: none;
}

.ag-downloads-list a i {
  color: var(--accent-orange);
  width: 1rem;
  text-align: center;
}

.ag-downloads-list a:hover {
  color: var(--accent-orange);
}

.ag-list {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  list-style: none;
}

.ag-list li {
  position: relative;
  padding-left: 1.1rem;
  margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}

.ag-list li::before {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  left: 0;
  top: 0.55em;
  width: 6px;
  height: 6px;
  background: var(--accent-orange);
  border-radius: 1px;
}

.ag-table {
  width: 100%;
  border-collapse: collapse;
  font-size: 0.88rem;
  margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
  border-radius: 8px;
  overflow: hidden;
  border: 1px solid #dce6f0;
}

.ag-table thead {
  background: #dceef8;
}

.ag-table th,
.ag-table td {
  padding: 0.7rem 1rem;
  border: 1px solid #e4eaf3;
  text-align: left;
}

.ag-table th {
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--primary-dark);
}

.ag-table tbody tr:nth-child(even) {
  background: #f5f8fb;
}

.ag-note {
  font-size: 0.82rem;
  color: #8a9bb0;
  margin: 0;
  font-style: italic;
}

.ag-format-icons {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 1rem;
  justify-content: space-between;
}

.ag-format-item {
  flex: 1;
  min-width: 100px;
  text-align: center;
  padding: 0.5rem 0.35rem;
  background: transparent;
  border: none;
  border-radius: 0;
}

.ag-format-icon {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  width: 52px;
  height: 52px;
  margin: 0 auto 0.65rem;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: var(--white);
  border: 1px solid #dce6f0;
  color: var(--primary-blue);
  font-size: 1.2rem;
  box-shadow: 0 1px 4px rgba(7, 28, 58, 0.06);
}

.ag-format-label {
  display: block;
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--primary-dark);
  line-height: 1.3;
}

.ag-example-box {
  margin-top: 0.85rem;
  padding: 0.75rem 0.85rem;
  background: #eef2f7;
  border-radius: 8px;
  font-size: 0.8rem;
}

.ag-example-label {
  display: block;
  font-size: 0.72rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.05em;
  color: #8a9bb0;
  margin-bottom: 0.35rem;
}

.ag-example-box p {
  margin: 0;
  color: #52657d;
}

.ag-panel-intro {
  font-size: 0.88rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--primary-dark);
  margin: 0 0 0.65rem;
}

.ag-list-last {
  margin-bottom: 0;
}

.ag-checklist {
  list-style: none;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
}

.ag-checklist li {
  display: flex;
  align-items: flex-start;
  gap: 0.5rem;
  margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
  font-size: 0.86rem;
  line-height: 1.45;
  color: #4a5f78;
}

.ag-checklist li:last-child {
  margin-bottom: 0;
}

.ag-checklist i {
  color: #2e7d32;
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  flex-shrink: 0;
  margin-top: 0.1rem;
}

/* Submission process — horizontal flow (image style) */
.ag-panel-process {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
}

.ag-process-flow {
  margin: 0.25rem 0 0.85rem;
  overflow-x: auto;
  -webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch;
  padding-bottom: 0.35rem;
}

.ag-process-track {
  display: flex;
  align-items: flex-start;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 0;
  min-width: 540px;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
}

.ag-process-step {
  flex: 1;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: center;
  text-align: center;
  min-width: 0;
  padding: 0 2px;
}

.ag-process-arrow {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  color: #b0bec9;
  font-size: 0.5rem;
  flex-shrink: 0;
  padding-top: 12px;
  width: 10px;
}

.ag-process-icon {
  width: 36px;
  height: 36px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: var(--white);
  border: 1px solid #c5dff0;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  color: var(--primary-blue);
  font-size: 0.8rem;
  position: relative;
  z-index: 1;
  flex-shrink: 0;
  box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(7, 28, 58, 0.06);
}

.ag-process-label {
  display: block;
  margin-top: 0.4rem;
  font-size: 0.58rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--primary-dark);
  line-height: 1.25;
  max-width: 72px;
}

.ag-process-note {
  font-size: 0.8rem;
  color: #6b7f94;
  line-height: 1.5;
  margin: 0 0 0.5rem;
}

.ag-process-link {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.35rem;
  font-size: 0.82rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--accent-orange);
  text-decoration: none;
}

.ag-process-link:hover {
  color: var(--accent-orange-hover);
}

.ag-process-link i {
  font-size: 0.75rem;
}

.ag-apc-box {
  background: #fff5eb;
  border: 1px solid #ffd9b8;
  border-radius: 8px;
  padding: 1rem;
  margin-top: 0.25rem;
}

.ag-apc-box p {
  font-size: 0.88rem;
  margin-bottom: 0.65rem;
}

.ag-apc-link {
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--accent-orange);
}

.ag-apc-link:hover {
  color: var(--accent-orange-hover);
}

.ag-numbered-list {
  list-style: none;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
}

.ag-numbered-list li {
  display: flex;
  align-items: flex-start;
  gap: 0.6rem;
  margin-bottom: 0.65rem;
  font-size: 0.88rem;
}

.ag-num {
  flex-shrink: 0;
  width: 22px;
  height: 22px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: var(--primary-blue);
  color: var(--white);
  font-size: 0.72rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
}

.ag-faq-grid {
  margin-top: 0.25rem;
}

.ag-faq-list {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 0.6rem;
}

.ag-faq-item {
  border: 1px solid #e4eaf3;
  border-radius: 6px;
  background: var(--white);
  overflow: hidden;
}

.ag-faq-question {
  width: 100%;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 1rem;
  padding: 0.85rem 1rem;
  border: none;
  background: transparent;
  font-size: 0.88rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--primary-dark);
  text-align: left;
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: background var(--transition);
}

.ag-faq-question:hover {
  background: #eef2f7;
}

.ag-faq-toggle {
  color: var(--accent-orange);
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  flex-shrink: 0;
  transition: transform var(--transition);
}

.ag-faq-item.is-open .ag-faq-toggle {
  transform: rotate(45deg);
}

.ag-faq-answer {
  display: none;
  padding: 0 1.15rem 1rem;
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  color: #52657d;
}

.ag-faq-item.is-open .ag-faq-answer {
  display: block;
}

.ag-faq-answer p {
  margin: 0;
}

.ag-faq-answer a {
  color: var(--accent-orange);
  font-weight: 600;
}

/* Author guidelines CTA */
.author-guidelines-cta {
  background: #fff3e8;
  padding: 2rem 0;
  border-top: none;
}

.author-guidelines-cta-inner {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 1.25rem 2rem;
  background: transparent;
  border: none;
  border-radius: 0;
  padding: 0;
}

.author-guidelines-cta-icon {
  width: 64px;
  height: 64px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: rgba(197, 160, 89, 0.12);
  color: var(--accent-orange);
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  font-size: 1.75rem;
  flex-shrink: 0;
}

.author-guidelines-cta-text {
  flex: 1;
  min-width: 200px;
}

.author-guidelines-cta-text h4 {
  font-size: 1.35rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  color: var(--primary-dark);
  margin-bottom: 0.35rem;
}

.author-guidelines-cta-text p {
  margin: 0;
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  color: #52657d;
}

.author-guidelines-updated {
  margin-top: 2rem;
  margin-bottom: 0;
  font-size: 0.82rem;
  color: #8a9bb0;
}

.author-guidelines-section {
  scroll-margin-top: var(--scroll-offset);
}

@media (max-width: 991.98px) {
  .author-guidelines-sidebar {
    position: static;
  }

  .author-sidebar-nav {
    flex-direction: row;
    flex-wrap: nowrap;
    overflow-x: auto;
    padding: 0.5rem 0.75rem;
    gap: 0.25rem;
    -webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch;
  }

  .author-sidebar-link {
    flex-shrink: 0;
    border-left: none;
    border-bottom: 3px solid transparent;
    border-radius: 6px;
    padding: 0.5rem 0.85rem;
    white-space: nowrap;
  }

  .author-sidebar-link.active {
    border-left: none;
    border-bottom-color: var(--accent-orange);
  }

  .author-help-card {
    display: none;
  }

  .ag-overview-row {
    flex-direction: column;
  }

  .ag-downloads-box {
    flex: 1 1 100%;
    width: 100%;
  }

  .ag-format-icons {
    justify-content: center;
  }

  .ag-format-item {
    flex: 0 1 calc(33.333% - 0.75rem);
    min-width: 90px;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 575.98px) {
  .author-guidelines-hero h1 {
    font-size: 1.55rem;
  }

  .author-guidelines-cta-inner {
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: flex-start;
  }

  .ag-format-item {
    flex: 0 1 calc(50% - 0.5rem);
  }

  .ag-process-track {
    min-width: 480px;
  }

  .ag-process-label {
    font-size: 0.52rem;
    max-width: 64px;
  }
}

/* ---- Global Search Results ---- */
.search-results-page .search-results-toolbar {
  background: var(--white);
  border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
  border-radius: 12px;
  padding: 1.25rem 1.5rem;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
  margin-bottom: 1.75rem;
}

.search-results-page .search-results-form {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 0.75rem;
  align-items: stretch;
}

.search-results-page .search-results-input-wrap {
  flex: 1 1 280px;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.65rem;
  border: 1px solid #dce3ed;
  border-radius: 10px;
  padding: 0 1rem;
  min-height: 52px;
  background: var(--white);
}

.search-results-page .search-results-input-wrap i {
  color: #94a3b8;
}

.search-results-page .search-results-input-wrap .form-control {
  border: none;
  box-shadow: none;
  padding: 0;
  min-height: 48px;
}

.search-results-page .search-results-input-wrap .form-control:focus {
  box-shadow: none;
}

.search-results-page .search-results-type {
  flex: 0 0 auto;
  min-width: 150px;
  min-height: 52px;
  border-radius: 10px;
  border-color: #dce3ed;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--primary-dark);
}

.search-results-page .search-results-submit {
  min-height: 52px;
  padding: 0 1.5rem;
  border-radius: 10px;
}

.search-results-page .search-type-tabs {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 0.5rem;
  margin-top: 1rem;
}

.search-results-page .search-type-tab {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.35rem;
  padding: 0.45rem 0.85rem;
  border-radius: 999px;
  border: 1px solid #dce3ed;
  background: #f8fafc;
  color: var(--primary-navy);
  font-size: 0.82rem;
  font-weight: 600;
}

.search-results-page .search-type-tab.active,
.search-results-page .search-type-tab:hover {
  background: var(--primary-navy);
  border-color: var(--primary-navy);
  color: var(--white);
}

.search-results-page .search-results-summary {
  margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
  color: #64748b;
  font-size: 0.95rem;
}

.search-results-page .search-results-summary strong {
  color: var(--primary-navy);
}

.search-results-page .search-result-group {
  margin-bottom: 2rem;
}

.search-results-page .search-result-group-header {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 1rem;
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
  padding-bottom: 0.65rem;
  border-bottom: 2px solid #eef2f7;
}

.search-results-page .search-result-group-header h2 {
  font-size: 1.15rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  color: var(--primary-navy);
  margin: 0;
}

.search-results-page .search-result-list {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 0.85rem;
}

.search-results-page .search-result-item {
  display: block;
  background: var(--white);
  border: 1px solid #e8ecf1;
  border-radius: 10px;
  padding: 1rem 1.15rem;
  transition: border-color var(--transition), box-shadow var(--transition);
}

.search-results-page .search-result-item:hover {
  border-color: #cbd5e1;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
}

.search-results-page .search-result-item h3 {
  font-size: 1rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  margin: 0 0 0.35rem;
  color: var(--primary-navy);
}

.search-results-page .search-result-item p {
  margin: 0;
  color: #64748b;
  font-size: 0.88rem;
  line-height: 1.5;
}

.search-results-page .search-result-meta {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 0.5rem 1rem;
  margin-top: 0.5rem;
  font-size: 0.8rem;
  color: #94a3b8;
}

.search-results-page .search-result-meta span {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.3rem;
}

.search-results-page .search-empty-state {
  text-align: center;
  padding: 3rem 1.5rem;
  background: var(--white);
  border: 1px dashed #dce3ed;
  border-radius: 12px;
}

.search-results-page .search-empty-state i {
  font-size: 2rem;
  color: #94a3b8;
  margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
}

.search-results-page .search-empty-state h3 {
  font-size: 1.15rem;
  color: var(--primary-navy);
  margin-bottom: 0.35rem;
}

.apc-information-intro {
  max-width: 920px;
  margin-bottom: 2rem;
  color: #2d3f58;
  line-height: 1.65;
}

.apc-information-sections {
  display: grid;
  gap: 1.25rem;
}

.apc-information-section {
  background: #f8fafc;
  border: 1px solid #e4eaf3;
  border-radius: 12px;
  padding: 1.35rem 1.5rem;
}

.apc-section-title {
  font-size: 1.25rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--primary-dark);
  margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
}

.apc-section-body {
  color: #2d3f58;
  line-height: 1.65;
}

.simple-page-placeholder {
  min-height: 180px;
}

.simple-page-icon {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  width: 72px;
  height: 72px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: #f4f6f9;
  color: var(--accent-gold);
  font-size: 1.75rem;
}

.latest-articles-page .latest-article-item h3 a {
  color: var(--primary-navy);
  text-decoration: none;
}

.latest-articles-page .latest-article-item h3 a:hover {
  color: var(--primary-blue);
}

.latest-articles-page .latest-article-authors {
  margin: 0 0 0.5rem;
  color: #64748b;
  font-size: 0.88rem;
  line-height: 1.5;
}

.latest-articles-page .latest-article-abstract {
  margin: 0 0 0.65rem;
  color: #5c6b7f;
  font-size: 0.86rem;
  line-height: 1.65;
}

.latest-articles-page .latest-article-actions {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 0.5rem;
  margin-top: 0.75rem;
}

.latest-articles-page .latest-article-btn,
.latest-articles-page .latest-article-pdf {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.4rem;
  padding: 0.45rem 0.85rem;
  border: 1px solid #dce3ed;
  border-radius: 8px;
  background: #fff;
  color: var(--accent-gold-dark);
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: background var(--transition), border-color var(--transition), color var(--transition);
}

.latest-articles-page .latest-article-btn:hover,
.latest-articles-page .latest-article-pdf:hover {
  background: #faf6ed;
  border-color: var(--accent-gold);
  color: var(--accent-gold-dark);
}

.track-submission-results {
  margin-top: 2rem;
}

.track-submission-results-title {
  font-size: 1.25rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  color: var(--primary-navy);
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.track-submission-card {
  background: #f8fafc;
  border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
  border-radius: 12px;
  padding: 1.25rem 1.5rem;
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.track-submission-card-head {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 0.75rem;
  margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
}

.track-submission-id {
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  color: #64748b;
}

.track-submission-status {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  padding: 0.35rem 0.75rem;
  border-radius: 999px;
  background: #faf6ed;
  color: var(--primary-navy);
  border: 1px solid rgba(197, 160, 89, 0.35);
  font-size: 0.8rem;
  font-weight: 700;
}

.track-submission-card h4 {
  font-size: 1.05rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--primary-navy);
  margin-bottom: 0.85rem;
  line-height: 1.45;
}

.track-submission-meta {
  list-style: none;
  padding: 0;
  margin: 0;
  display: grid;
  gap: 0.45rem;
}

.track-submission-meta li {
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  color: #475569;
}

.track-submission-meta strong {
  color: var(--primary-navy);
}

[class$="-hero-brand"] {
  display: none !important;
}

/* ---- Register Page / Form ---- */
.register-form-panel {
  max-width: 640px;
  margin: 0 auto;
}

.register-page .submit-manuscript-intro {
  margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
}

.register-form .form-label,
.register-modal-form .form-label {
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: #3d4f63;
  margin-bottom: 0.4rem;
}

.register-form .form-control,
.register-form .form-select,
.register-modal-form .form-control,
.register-modal-form .form-select {
  border-color: #d5dde8;
  border-radius: 8px;
  font-size: 0.92rem;
  padding: 0.55rem 0.85rem;
}

.register-form .form-control:focus,
.register-form .form-select:focus,
.register-modal-form .form-control:focus,
.register-modal-form .form-select:focus {
  border-color: #5b9fd4;
  box-shadow: 0 0 0 0.2rem rgba(13, 110, 253, 0.12);
}

.register-position-options {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 0.35rem 1.25rem;
  padding-top: 0.15rem;
}

.register-form .form-check-label,
.register-modal-form .form-check-label {
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  color: #4a6078;
}

.register-form .form-check-label a,
.register-modal-form .form-check-label a {
  color: #0d6efd;
  font-weight: 600;
  text-decoration: none;
}

.register-form .form-check-label a:hover,
.register-modal-form .form-check-label a:hover {
  text-decoration: underline;
}

.register-captcha-row {
  display: grid;
  gap: 0.75rem;
}

.register-captcha-visual {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.65rem;
}

.register-captcha-code {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  min-width: 96px;
  min-height: 42px;
  padding: 0.45rem 0.85rem;
  border-radius: 6px;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #f3f6fa 0%, #e3ebf5 100%);
  border: 1px solid #c5d3e4;
  color: #2f4058;
  font-size: 1.2rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.16em;
  user-select: none;
  font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;
}

.register-captcha-reload {
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  padding: 0.3rem 0.65rem;
  border-radius: 6px;
}

.register-form-actions {
  margin-top: 0.25rem;
}

.btn-register-submit {
  background: #0d6efd;
  border: none;
  color: #fff;
  font-size: 1rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  padding: 0.7rem 1.25rem;
  border-radius: 8px;
  transition: background 0.2s ease, transform 0.2s ease;
}

.btn-register-submit:hover {
  background: #0b5ed7;
  color: #fff;
  transform: translateY(-1px);
}

@media (max-width: 575.98px) {
  .register-position-options {
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 0.5rem;
  }
}